我国课堂教学评价研究概况、问题与设想

概述我国课堂教学评价研究的现状,包括对课堂教学本质和价值取向、评价标准和指标、教学评价方法的研究。分析我国课堂教学评价存在的问题,包括局限于理论构建,缺少课堂实证研究;缺乏对课堂教学客观、准确、精细的描述;局限于评价标准与指标法,缺乏有效方法的综合运用。提出今后研究的设想,包括进行课堂教学的实证研究,提供对课堂教学的多角度、多类型的描述,同时建立教学评价标准指标体系和行为分类系统,综合使用定量方法和质的方法。     

文化与幼儿教育的拉丁美洲视角:社会进步的战略举措

在拉丁美洲以及加勒比地区,早期教育对人类社会以及经济发展的重大意义已经被广泛认同。人们正在努力实现教育承诺,主动积极地确保早期教育的完整发展。然而,在开展早期教育工作中,我们遭遇到的主要阻力来自于普遍性的低生活质量和贫困。生活在这种环境中的儿童,某种意义上意味着他们是被剥夺了发展权利的弱势群体,在获得健康、教育、营养以及社会参与等方面都有极大的困难。许多拉美国家还在经历内乱,国内各种暴力事件频发,因此儿童的早期教育间接或直接地受到严重的影响。在这样的社会背景之下,儿童发展的现状是不容乐观的。目前各国政府…     

Development of face processing: the effect of face inversion

The present experiment examined the degree to which analytic and holistic modes of processing play a role in the way children and adults categorize upright and inverted faces. Seven-year-old children (n = 38), 10-year-old children (n = 40), and adults (n = 55) were instructed to classify upright and inverted faces into two categories. The construction of the categories allowed participants to categorize the faces either analytically (by focusing on a single attribute) or holistically (in terms of overall similarity). The results show both a developmental trend from analytic to holistic processing and an effect of face inversion with increasing age. Thus, it appears that 7-year-old children process upright and inverted faces in a way comparable to their processing of nonfacial visual stimuli, namely analytically, whereas a growing proportion of 10-year-olds and adults process only upright faces holistically by adopting a specific mode of face processing.     

Season of birth is related to child retention rates, achievement, and rate of diagnosis of specific LD

A sizable literature has demonstrated that the achievement of children in early elementary school is related to their season of birth: Those born in summer typically perform less well than those born in the fall. A small literature indicates that more children diagnosed with specific learning disabilities (SLD) are born in the summer. We have begun to explore the possibility that the same processes may account for both outcomes. In order to better understand these processes, the standardized achievement levels and rates of diagnosis of SLD for children born during each season were studied in one geographical area of the State of Georgia served by 28 school districts. Standardized achievement scores in reading, mathematics, and science were reliably lower for those born in the summer. Furthermore, there was a strong relationship between season of birth and the rate at which children received a diagnosis of SLD. Summer-born children were diagnosed with SLD at a higher rate than their peers. Four hypotheses for both the lower performance in the general school population and the greater rate of SLD diagnosis among these children are discussed.     

她是我的朋友

这个故事是我在越南的时候听说的,而且据说它是一件真实的事。 虽然我无法证实是否真有其事,但我的确知道在战争年代比这件事更令人觉得惊讶的事都曾发生过。 一切都在他们所计划的攻击目标之内,炮弹一发接一发落在越南一个小村庄的一所孤儿院里,这所孤儿院是由一个传教士组织开办的。传教     

The long-term impact of childhood sexual abuse in Australian women

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and a range of adverse adult outcomes in a community sample of women using multivariate analysis which accounted for a number of potential confounding effects. METHOD: Retrospective study of cross-sectional data on the long-term impact of CSA, collected as part of a larger two-stage case-control study of the possible relationship between CSA and alcohol abuse. Data were appropriately weighted to adjust for the different selection probabilities of cases and controls. RESULTS: Significant associations were found between reporting CSA and experiencing domestic violence, rape, sexual problems, mental health problems, low self-esteem, and problems with intimate relationships even after taking into account a range of family background factors. Women who had experienced abuse involving intercourse were the most vulnerable to these negative outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that the influence of CSA on adverse long-term effects is mediated and influenced both by the severity of the abuse experiences and by a range of family and social background factors.     

Identification of strategy parameters for particle swarm optimizer through Taguchi method

INTRODUCTION The particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is a member of the broad category of swarm intelli- gence techniques for finding optimized solutions. The PSO algorithm is based on the social behavior of animals such as flocking of birds and schooling of fish, etc. PSO has its origin in simulation for visual- izing the synchronized choreography of bird flock by incorporating concepts such as nearest-neighbor ve- locity matching and acceleration by distance (Par- sopoulos and V…     

關於苏維埃教育科学的現狀和任務

苏联社会人士对於教育科学的現狀表示很大的憂慮。在我們的出版物上,在許多集会上的發言裏,教育科学受到批評。人們批評教育学落後於生活的需要,批評教育学著作的質量不高。在我們歷次会議上,我們不止一次地承認这种批評是公正的、应当的,我們也說到教育科学落後的原因,並且擬訂了消減缺點的一些办法。爲了消滅这些缺點,我們多少做了一些工作。但是,教育科学研究工作的整頓進行得非常慢,而且有缺點。爲了批判地審查一下教育科学的现狀,確定它的最近的任務,教育科学院主席团曾召集了从事教育理論問题研究的科学工作人員分組会議,重新批判地審查了近年來的教育書籍,檢查了教育科学院各研究所的工作。結果準備了一份說明苏維埃教育学当前情况和規定它的最近的幾項任務的材料。 準備了这份材枓之後,教育科学院主席团决定召開現在这個教育活動家会議,——即我們所称的工作会議,以便在这個会議上討論教育科学中一系列的迫切問題;試圖解决一系列的有爭論而未能解决的問題,以便能確定一些具体任務、確定教育学能更加確实地向前發展的途徑。当然,不能希望这個報告詳尽地解决教育科学的一切迫切問題,而且據我看來,也不可能提出教育科学上的一切迫切問題。在報告裏,只是接觸到一部分     

我与耶鲁

雷文校长,非常感谢。布罗德黑德主任,耶鲁大学的董事们,耶鲁大学学子的家长们、家人们,毕业生们,能获此荣誉学位,我感到不胜荣幸。30年前,我骄傲地获得我的第一个耶鲁学位。这次,我更为能在你们面前获此荣誉学位而骄傲。祝贺你们,与我同获此殊荣的人们。(掌声)     

UNiT 2 关于健康的短语

Hansi:同学们,上次讲解的短语都熟悉了么?都写到作文里去了么?和谁练练没有?时间不等人,今儿个咱们又得接着说说UNIT2里的短语了……在这个单元里头,我们要学会表达自己身体哪里不舒服,并提出建议。接下来,我们先看看在这个单元中,我们应该注意哪些短语呢?1.身体发出健康警报了,那就需要朋友giveadvicc(提建议),或者是give sb.advice(给某人建议),在这里我们要注意advice是不可数名词,表示一条建议的时候我们要说a piecc of advice而不能用an advicc。2.生病了,那就要去看医生,医生会问:what’sthc matter?这是医生和护士询问病人病情时最…