大学生健康危险行为的描述性研究

了解在扩招形式下，大学生健康危险行为的发生特点和规律，采用回顾性研究方法，自制健康危险行为问卷，对422名二年级大学生进行了有关健康危险行为的无记名问卷调查。危害大学生健康的行为在大学生中较为普遍。应采取有效的干预措施，减少大学生健康危险行为的发生。     

Revealing the decision-making of dribbling in the sport of futsal

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to investigate why futsal players decide to dribble. For this purpose, we analysed 396 trials comprising the dribbles (n = 132), passes (n = 131) or shots (n = 133), performed by 70 male futsal players. Passing and shooting angles, and interpersonal distance, including their rates of change (velocity and variability), were regarded as measures of interpersonal coordination tendency and a comparison was made among dribbling, passing and shooting situations. In addition, the variables identified as constraints on deciding to dribble were analysed in relation to age categories, dribbling outcomes and futsal court zone. Results revealed that passing and shooting angles, and interpersonal distance showed higher variability in dribbling than in passing and shooting situations. The findings allowed us to conclude that decision-making on dribbling was influenced by the variabilities of passing angles as well as shooting and interpersonal distance, and that success in dribbling was affected by the variability of interpersonal distance. Such variabilities were interpreted concerning their meaning of risk and/or uncertainty in the execution of motor skills.     

Predicting Children's Friendship Status from Their Dyadic Interaction in Structured Situations of Potential Conflict

Dyads of 8-year-old friends identified by sociometric friendship nominations were followed through the end of the school year to determine if they remained friends. These dyads as well as a control group of nonfriends were observed while participating in two structured tasks designed to simulate real life social situations of potential conflict. When negotiating the sharing of an object, friends made more proposals than nonfriends, spent more time negotiating, and compromised more in making their counterproposals. Compared with dyads in which the friendship did not continue through the end of the school year, dyads of continuing friends exhibited greater sensitivity in their negotiations. During a fast-paced, competitive game, friends engaged in more competitive behavior and followed the rules more closely than did nonfriends. However, behavior in this game was unrelated to the continuation of friendship.     

啶虫脒/羧甲基壳聚糖-阿拉伯胶-海藻酸钠缓释微球的制备及性能研究

采用锐孔法,以羧甲基壳聚糖、阿拉伯胶和海藻酸钠为基质材料制备了啶虫脒缓释微胶囊,以微球的药物包封率为制备工艺优化指标,通过L9(34)正交实验得出微球的最佳制备工艺条件:啶虫脒与羧甲基壳聚糖质量比为1∶1、海藻酸钠溶液质量分数为3.00%、氯化钙溶液质量分数为3.00%、质量分数为3.00%的阿拉伯胶溶液25.00 mL.所得微球对啶虫脒的释放有良好的缓释效果.     

不能把受迫等幅振动看作理想的简谐振动

本文指出不能把受迫的等幅振动看作简谐振动,两者虽然数字形式类似,但其内在物理机制不同。     

Modelling the dynamics of children’s gross motor coordination

ABSTRACT

This study modelled children’s gross motor coordination, investigated sex-differences and identified the effects of fixed and dynamic correlates on motor coordination development. A total of 344 Portuguese children (170 girls), from 6 age cohorts (5 to 9 years of age), were followed consecutively for three years (age range 5 to 11 years) using a mixed-longitudinal cohort design. Birth weight, hand dominance and socioeconomic status (SES) were identified. Gross motor coordination, body mass index, physical fitness (PF) and physical activity (PA) were assessed annually. A sequence of multilevel hierarchical linear models were developed. Model 1 found that age, age², sex, sex-by-age and sex-by-age² were significant predictors (p < 0.05) of gross motor coordination. Boys outperformed girls from 6 years of age onwards. Model 2 found a cohort effect (p < 0.05). Model 3 found that right handers were more coordinated (p < 0.05). When the confounders of body mass index, PF and PA were added to the model (Model 4) it was found that boys and girls had parallel trajectories in their gross motor coordination development. In conclusion children with increasing body mass index were less coordinated, while those who were stronger and more agile had steeper trajectories of gross motor coordination with age.     

Simple lightness modification for color vision impaired based on Craik–O'Brien effect

In comparison with the people having the normal color vision, the people with color vision impairment such as dichromats have the difficulty to distinguish the colors in certain combinations. This may pose an impediment of the visual communication in the recent wide spreading of the use of colors. In order to address this problem, in this paper, we propose a novel lightness modification method to improve the visibility of the color image for the color vision impaired. In the proposed method, the lightness modification is only carried out around contours of objects to realize the Craik–O'Brien effect, which is an perceptual illusion of the contrast, for dichromats. Furthermore, in the proposed method, it is tried to preserve the impression given by original color image by lessening the change of the color as possible while providing the perceptible and comprehensible color image for dichromats. Through some examples, the effectiveness and the validity of the proposed method are verified.     

Teaching as goal-less and reflective design: a conversation with Herbert A. Simon and Donald Schön

This paper examines Donald Schön’s critique of Herbert Simon’s ‘science of design’ to determine whether later developments in Simon’s thought – particularly, his theories of ‘bounded rationality’ and ‘goal-less designing’ – can contribute to an appreciation of Schön’s notion of reflective practice. The paper then argues, that viewed through the optic of ‘assessment for learning,’ teaching may be conceived as ‘goal-less and reflective design,’ and the practice thereof may lead to more effective teaching.     

Learning Benefits of Self-Controlled Knowledge of Results in 10-Year-Old Children

Abstract

The leg strength of 70 college men was measured in a position designed to involve the power thrust of the major muscle groups used in the vertical jump. The subjects then performed a modified Sargent jump that used no arm snap. Although the reliability of all measures was high, individual differences in the ratio of tested strength to body mass showed only a low and nonsignificant correlation with jumping performance. The results are interpreted to support the hypothesis that strength exerted against a dynamometer involves a different neuromotor pattern than strength exerted by the muscles during a movement. Tables of means, variabilities, and intercorrelations are included in the report.