对12、13届亚运会田径运动水平的量化评价与比较研究

本文运用达标类体育项目运动水平百分制评定法，以12、13届亚运会当年的世界田径最好成绩为标准，对12、13届亚运会田径运动水平进行了定量分析与比较研究。结果表现：与第12届亚运会相比，第13届亚运会田径运动水平男子呈停滞状态，女子呈下降趋势。     

女大学新生课余体育锻炼状况及其影响因素的分析研究

本文主要通过问巷调查法以及因子分析法，对女性大学新生参加课外体育锻炼的状况进行了解，找出影响女大学生新生参加课余体育锻炼的7大因子，分别是体育知识因子、个体客观条件因子、个体意愿因子、心理因子、体育锻炼习惯与技能因子、外部因子．设施因子，并且提出要充分重视可以控制与改善的因素，引导其发挥积极影响；注重对体育知识尤其是运动保健知识的传授，大力宣扬“健康第一”观念，营造良好的体育锻炼气氛。     

Temporal patterns of schedule-induced drinking and pawgrooming in rats exposed to periodic food

Five rats were exposed to fixed-time food schedules, ranging from 30 to 480 sec. Three rats displayed a postfood pattern of schedule-induced drinking, with short latencies from food delivery to drinking at all interfood interval durations. In contrast, drinking for the other 2 subjects tended to occur at lower overall levels, and drinking bouts frequently began in the middle of the interfood interval, such that the latency from food delivery to drinking increased dramatically as the interfood interval increased. Observation of these 2 subjects revealed that another form of licking-pawgrooming-occurred reliably after food delivery and before drinking bouts. A between subject comparison of the 3 postfood drinkers and the 2 pawgroomers revealed that, in addition to a common topography (repetitive licking), pawgrooming and drinking were similar with respect to their temporal locus, relation to the interfood interval, and extinction baseline levels. These similarities suggest that drinking and pawgrooming are induced by a common mechanism. Cohen, Looney, Campagnoni, and Lawler’s (1985) two-state model of reinforcer-induced motivation provides a useful framework for the interpretation of these results.     

Comparing motor development of deaf children of deaf parents and deaf children of hearing parents

Deaf children of Deaf parents perform better academically (Ritter-Brinton & Stewart, 1992), linguistically (Courtin, 2000; M. Harris, 2001; Vaccari & Marschark, 1997), and socially (Hadadian & Rose, 1991; M. Harris, 2001) than Deaf children of hearing parents. Twenty-nine Deaf children in residential schools were assessed to determine if a significant difference also exists in motor development between Deaf children with Deaf parents and Deaf children with hearing parents. In the locomotor area, 78.6% of Deaf children of Deaf parents and 73.3% of Deaf children of hearing parents reached or surpassed average performance levels. In regard to object control, 92.9% of Deaf children of Deaf parents and 93.3% of Deaf children of hearing parents reached or surpassed average performance levels. The study results show no significant difference between the motor development of Deaf children of Deaf parents and Deaf children of hearing parents.     

论奥运项目的市场体系及产品特性

完善奥运项目市场体系和把握其产品特性是进行市场开发的基础.对奥运项目市场进行规范的划分和对其产品进行细致的分析,可以更好地提高服务质量,提高市场开发的效益.     

Real‐fiction versus historical reality: Rhetorical purification in “kent state”—the docudrama

This essay analyzes the ways in which Kent State, the made‐for‐TV docudrama, purified the image of William Knox Schroeder‐one of the four students killed on May 4, 1970, by Ohio National Guardsmen on the Kent State University campus. The author was a boyhood friend of Schroeder, his roommate at Kent State University at the time of his death, and an observer of many of the major events of the Kent State affair. This essay views the making of a docudrama as a complex problem to be solved and characterizes a docudramatist as a less‐than‐perfect decision maker. Also, this essay views Kent State as a real‐fiction through which the act of rhetorical purification was accomplished. The paper discusses the docudrama's efforts in this regard by analyzing important scenes in which inaccuracies are presented in order to achieve the purification of Schroeder's image.     

Teaching learning disabled adolescents to think critically using a problem‐solving schema

Abstract

In this study we describe and examine the effectiveness of an instructional program designed to teach learning disabled adolescents to make better personal decisions. We presented problems in short narratives based on the types of problems these students must solve in their own lives. The program, conducted as part of the students' regular resource room curriculum, incorporated schema‐general questions for problem solving coupled with practice in generating problem‐specific questions to reach an appropriate decision. Participants were 70 resource room students in two large, urban high schools. We employed a pretest‐posttest comparison group design. On the posttest, instructed students performed significantly better on (1) identifying a general schema for making a personal decision and (2) applying the schema to reach appropriate decisions concerning novel problem narratives. The results support the view that application of a general schema to specific problems can be an effective instructional method to improve critical thinking and decision making.