Systems and Cascades in Cognitive Development and Academic Achievement

A large‐scale (N = 552) controlled multivariate prospective 14‐year longitudinal study of a developmental cascade embedded in a developmental system showed that information‐processing efficiency in infancy (4 months), general mental development in toddlerhood (18 months), behavior difficulties in early childhood (36 months), psychometric intelligence in middle childhood (8 years), and maternal education either directly or indirectly (or both) contribute to academic achievement in adolescence (14 years).     

Book reviews

International Review of Education -     

基于LOTUS R5平台智能小区信息管理系统

ＮＯＴＥＳ是实现和运行办公自动化的最有效的平台之一．本文首先简要地介绍了企业创建内联网（ＩＮＴＲＡＮＥＴ）的必要性，并总结了基于ＤＯＭＩＮＯ／ＮＯＴＥＳ构建ＩＮＴＲＡＮＥＴ、实施企业办公自动化方面的优势和特点；通过论证，提出了使用ＤＯＭＩＮＯ／ＮＯＴＥＳ开发“智能小区信息管理系统”的解决方案；最后介绍了本系统的设计思路及各部分功能模块，并对一些关键问题进行了讨论．     

Upward academic mobility for the non-secondary school graduate: Some avenues open to young adults in West Germany

In many nations, adults without a secondary school diploma have, in increasing numbers, returned to formal education in order to qualify for admission to higher institutions. The Federal Republic of Germany has been among the leaders in efforts to facilitate such upward academic mobility. Therefore, this article deals with some of the most important developing or newly-created institutions or practices aimed at encouraging those young West German adults most likely to succeed. Status elevation of non-academic schools, e.g., largely in engineering, to Fachhochschulen, as well as creation of in part vocationally-oriented, yet higher education-preparatory secondary schools, are discussed. The article stresses the role of adult education and especially those day and evening institutions (Kollegs and Abendgymnasien) specifically designed to qualify young adults for academic studies. While these schools take into account the relative maturity of their students and the recently-initiated course electivity of West German secondary schools, they have not as yet attracted, in sufficient numbers, such previously disadvantaged groups as workers, women, and rural residents. Other measures in the direction of upward educational mobility are extensive regional television-based programs (Telekollegs), recently-enacted official regulations governing correspondence education, and external school-leaving examinations varying from state to state.Finally, attention is given to a number of current issues pertaining to upward academic mobility. Among them is the fact that the growing tendency of young people to attend a secondary school, instead of merely completing the upper elementary school, increases the number of students interrupting their school attendance. That fact, in turn, compounds both the difficulties resulting from admission restrictions in many academic fields and the unemployment picture for university graduates. There is doubt as to whether added centralized efforts can offer solutions to these problems.     

浅谈数字电液控制系统在丰城电厂的应用

介绍数字电液控制系统在丰城电厂的应用,以及控制系统的结构、系统主要功能及应用中出现的问题。