Three-dimensional kinematic differences between the preferred and non-preferred limbs during maximal instep soccer kicking

Abstract

The current investigation aimed to determine whether there are differences in ball velocity and 3D kinematics when performing maximal kicks with the dominant and non-dominant limbs. Seventeen male academy soccer players performed maximal speed place kicks with their dominant and the non-dominant limbs. The 3D kinematics of the lower extremities were obtained using a 10-camera motion capture system operating at 500 Hz. Hip, knee and ankle joint kinematics were quantified in the sagittal, coronal and transverse planes and then contrasted using paired t-tests. Significantly higher ball velocities were obtained with the dominant limb. Foot linear velocity and knee extension velocity at ball contact were also found to be significantly greater in the dominant limb. That reduced ball velocities were observed between kicking limbs highlights the potential performance detriments that may occur when kicking with the non-dominant limb; thus, it is recommended that additional bilateral training be undertaken in order to attenuate this and improve overall kicking performance.     

Examining the aesthetic dimensions of teaching: Relationships between teacher knowledge,identity and passion

Having an appreciation for the subject, their students and what the subject can offer their students has both cognitive and emotional dimensions for teachers. This paper uses empirical data to explore the efficacy of a Deweyan inspired framework called “Aesthetic Understanding” to scrutinise relationships between teacher knowledge, identity and passion. The paper uses case study data of three teachers of maths and/or science generated from a video study to illustrate the relationships between the three elements of Aesthetic Understanding. The need to value the aesthetic dimensions of teaching when examining the subject-specific nature of secondary teaching is discussed.     

Revitalizing the Debate between <Life> and <Choice>: The 2004 March for Women's Lives

The contemporary U.S. debate over abortion has been waged as a battle between <life> and <choice>. The author traces the development of these ideographs, arguing that through their verbal and visual strategies, advocates on both sides of the issue have rendered ideographic meaning concrete. Whereas the fixed definitions have served the cause of <life> well, they have been detrimental for <choice>, leading advocates to seek out ways to revitalize the debate. The 2004 March for Women's Lives was a key event in this larger effort; through it, participants revitalized the abortion debate, bringing renewed flexibility to the ideograph <choice> at the same time it challenged the fixed status, and the veracity, of the ideograph <life>.     

Photography and Film

Estelle Jussim's Visual Communication and the Graphic Arts: Photographic Technologies in the Nineteenth Century (New York: R.R. Bowker, 1974—$25.00)

Donald Chase's Filmmaking: The Collaborative Art (Boston: Little, Brown, 1975—$9.95)

D.J. Wenden's The Birth of the Movies (New York: Dutton Paperbacks, 1975—$5.95, paper)

Peter Bowen, Martin Hayden, and Frank Riess' Screen Test: A Quiz Book About the Movies (Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1974—$2.50, paper)     

Reinforcing Experiential Learning in Criminology: Definitions,Rationales, and Missed Opportunities Concerning Prison Tours in the United States

Carceral tours remain a controversial aspect of pedagogy and curricula in criminology and criminal justice. In recent years, critics have questioned the pedagogical and ethical validity of conducting prison tours. In response, we clarify definitional ambiguities and provided a rationale for carceral tours that occur within the United States. Here, pedagogical justification for prison tours is based on the work of Lev Vygotsky which is subsumed under the broader paradigm of experiential education. Criticisms leveled at prison tours are described as missed opportunities; with experiential learning examined in terms of the epistemology of criminological expertise, the concept of impression management (i.e. Goffman), and the notion of the penal gaze. The efficacy of pedagogical tours is discussed with reference to the role of active and innovative teaching methods in criminology and criminal justice.     

The Utility of the Correctional Tour: Student Perceptions and the Propensity for Academic Growth

The utility of taking students on tours of correctional facilities remains an unexplored topic within criminal justice. Yet, there is ample justification for reinforcing the pedagogical link between theory and practice through direct observation of criminal justice processes. This becomes particularly salient in the area of corrections, a highly isolated, self‐sustaining, and misunderstood criminal justice system. In this study, 69 students attending criminal justice classes were asked to complete pre‐visit and post‐visit questionnaires associated with tours of correctional institutions. Key themes of the study include students' perceptions of institutional punishment philosophy, and student perceptions of select facility and offender characteristics. Almost 86% of students changed their views in some manner, with a significant portion of students identifying rehabilitation and incapacitation as key philosophies following a prison tour. Stereotypes of prisoners and correctional settings were frequently based on media representations and changed following exposure to the prison tour. These findings are presented with pedagogical implications.     

Influence of the helical and six available Cardan sequences on 3D ankle joint kinematic parameters

Cardan/Euler and helical angles are the popular methods of quantifying angular kinematics. Cardan angles are sequence dependent and crosstalk can influence the kinematic calculations. The International Society of Biomechanics (ISB) recommends a sagittal, coronal, and then transverse (XYZ) sequence of rotations, although it has been proposed that when calculating rotations outside of the sagittal plane, this may not be the most appropriate method. This study investigated the influence of the helical and six available Cardan sequences on three-dimensional (3D) ankle joint kinematics. Kinematic data were obtained using an eight-camera motion analysis system as participants ran at 4.0 m/s ± 5%. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to compare kinematic parameters, and intra-class correlations were employed to identify evidence of crosstalk across planes. The results indicate that in the transverse and coronal planes, peak angle and range of motion values using the YXZ and ZXY sequences were significantly greater than the other sequences. Furthermore, utilization of YXZ and ZXY sequences was associated with the strongest correlations from the sagittal plane, and the XYZ sequence was found to be associated with the lowest correlations. It appears that for the representation of 3D ankle joint kinematics, the XYZ sequence is associated with minimal planar crosstalk and as such its use is encouraged.     

Pre-Service Teachers’ Views of School-Based Approaches to Pre-Service Primary Science Teacher Education

Primary pre-service teachers (PSTs) in Australia often have low confidence and negative experiences in relation to science and teaching science. This paper reports on pre-post survey data produced by four institutions involved in a multi-institutional project exploring the use of university-school partnerships for primary science teacher education. The findings show that the experience of engagement in school-based science teaching contributed to the development PST classroom readiness particularly with respect to statistically significant increases in confidence. We argue that moving tutorials from university into schools supports PSTs’ engagement with the teaching profession and teaching science.