Non-linear resistance training reduces inflammatory biomarkers in persons living with HIV: A randomized controlled trial

The purpose of this study is to analyse the effect of 12 weeks of non-linear resistance training (NLRT) on anthropometry, muscle strength and inflammatory biomarkers in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (PIHIV). Thirty previously sedentary PIHIVs were randomized into the NLRT (n?=?15) and control (CON, n?=?15) groups. NLRT group were submitted to 12 weeks of training, whereas the CON group maintained their daily habits. At baseline and after 12 weeks, both groups underwent anthropometric evaluations and blood sampling for the analysis of inflammatory biomarkers. Analysis of covariance using preintervention values as covariate was performed to determine the effects of exercise on anthropometry, muscle strength, cytokines levels and T cells. Significance was set at p?p?p p?=?.009), blood levels of interleukin (IL)-1β (p?=?.029), IL-6 (p?=?.005), IL-8 (p?=?.010), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α (p?=?.001) and an increase in muscle strength (p?p?=?.030) and CD4⁺ (p?=?.004) and CD8⁺ (p?相似文献   

Process of internationalization of business schools in Latin America: the case of EAESP/FGV,Brazil

This article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of the academic internationalization process, through the main events and pathways developed over the 60 years of the EAESP/FGV, the São Paulo Business School of the Getulio Vargas Foundation (Brazil). A survey was conducted of former directors, coordinators of the main international programs and all school faculty (266 professors) about their training and international activities. EAESP/FGV has developed a diverse and consolidated international career, surpassing the activities related to teaching and student mobility. However, there are some opportunities to deepen internationalization as a strategic brand of the institution.     

Building the body: Active learning laboratories that emphasize practical aspects of anatomy and integration with radiology

Active learning exercises were developed to allow advanced medical students to revisit and review anatomy in a clinically meaningful context. In our curriculum, students learn anatomy two to three years before they participate in the radiology clerkship. These educational exercises are designed to review anatomy content while highlighting its relevance to the study of radiology. Laboratory exercises were developed using inexpensive materials in the form of hands‐on stations designed for use by students working together in small groups. Station exercises include model building, exploring relevant radiological imaging, and practicing clinical techniques. Students are encouraged to move from abstract conceptualization of the anatomy using models to applying knowledge to living tissues by using a portable ultrasound to explore superficial anatomy on each other. Stations are designed to integrate knowledge and reemphasize concepts in different contexts, so that upon completion students have a reinforced understanding of the three‐dimensional anatomy of the region in question, the appearance of the anatomy on radiological images, and an appreciation of the relevance of the anatomy to radiological procedures. Anat Sci Educ, 2010 © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.     

Neither at the cutting edge nor in a patent-friendly environment: Appropriating the returns from innovation in a less developed economy

Despite increased focus on understanding how firms appropriate the returns from innovation, our knowledge regarding firms' behaviour in less developed economies (LDEs) is still scant. This paper provides a nuanced view as to how firms that are not at the technological frontier attempt to capture value when they encounter fragile patenting conditions. I analyse a unique dataset on innovative activities in Brazil. My findings reveal the effects (if any) of a number of factors on the use of a wide range of appropriability mechanisms. These factors include measures of knowledge intensity, novelty of products and processes, firm size, degree of competition, innovation cooperation, government support for innovation, and type of ownership. In addition, my empirical exercise provides evidence of the extent to which firms in an LDE adopt different appropriability mechanisms in pairs. Overall, this paper indicates that even in the absence of an effective patent system, firms do use patents. However, there are other patterns of appropriability in which firms use design (being registered or not registered accordingly), lead-time or trademarks in association with other means of appropriation.     

青少年乒乓运动员的焦虑和运动成绩关系

多维焦虑理论认为认知和躯体焦虑对运动成绩会产生不同的影响.根据这个理论,运动员在赛前具有较高的认知焦虑水平或躯体焦虑水平出现极端值(过高或过低)或自信心较低时,他们将取得较差的运动成绩.先前的研究还认为焦虑与运动成绩间的关系还取决于所要完成动作的特点.不同的运动技能有各自最佳的焦虑水平.总的来说,焦虑水平较高有利于完成体力消耗较大的运动项目.而焦虑水平较低时,则有利于完成精确类项目.就乒乓球项目而言,它既需要体力又需要精确性,因此,本研究调查分析了乒乓球运动员赛前焦虑水平与运动成绩间的关系.研究对象3 6名青少年乒乓球运动员,男、女运动员各1 8名,平均年龄为12.28±0.74岁.研究方法采用运动竞赛状态焦虑量表(CSAI-2C).让运动员在参加地区赛第一场比赛的赛前30分填写问卷.研究结果认知状态焦虑水平不能用来预测运动员的成绩.获胜运动员和失利运动员赛前的躯体状态焦虑和自信心没有差异.这表明本研究没有支持多维焦虑理论的假设,或许是乒乓球运动的特点和运动员的个体差异比运动员的焦虑水平对运动成绩的影响更大.因此,如果运动员的个人特点与他们的技术风格相适应,不同焦虑水平的运动员都可能取得好成绩.     

Capoeira – a Brazilian Immaterial Heritage: Safeguarding Plans and Their Effectiveness as Public Policies

This paper aims to analyse the actions promoted by the Brazilian federal government for the promotion of Capoeira, which is a mix of dance, fight and play, practised with musical instruments. It is commonly called an Afro-Brazilian martial art. So, in this paper, we analyse the effectiveness of the proposed Safeguarding Plan to Capoeira, assuming the suggested orientations from the National Historic and Artistic Heritage Institute concerning its elaboration and execution. The elaboration of safeguarding plans aims to define and organise a group of actions willing to enhance social/environmental production, as well as reproduction and transmission conditions of the registered cultural immaterial heritage. It is important to mention that Capoeira is also much related to representations about Brazil.     

The Establishment of the Qatar National Olympic Committee: Building the National Sport Identity

This paper examines the process of the establishment of the Qatar National Olympic Committee (QOC) in the late 1970s as part of a nation-building process. Qatar was one of the British protectorates in the Gulf region having its international relations controlled by Britain. On September 3, 1971, the country's Heir Apparent appeared on local TV and announced Qatar's independence. In the following years, the new Amir started a campaign of nation-building. Sport played an important part in this campaign, facilitating the formation of a national identity. Meanwhile, sports federations in Qatar began to apply for membership of their respective International Federations (IFs). In order to send athletes to the Olympics, the QOC was established in 1979 and it was recognised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1980. The primary written sources used in this paper are official documents from the IOC, the IFs and the Official Gazette of the State of Qatar. The establishment of the QOC can be seen as part of the process of nation-building experienced by Qatar after its independence. International sports events were used to win international recognition, and investments in infrastructure, sports facilities and elite sport were seen by the Qatar government as an important approach to boost the country's international representation. However, in order to join the Olympic movement and raise Qatar's national flag at international sporting events, the QOC had to revise its Constitution to meet all the requirements of the IOC.     

EDLE: an integrated tool to foster entrepreneurial skills development in engineering education

Academic papers on entrepreneurship in engineers’ education have been growing in the last decades. However, studies on entrepreneurship in engineering have not sought to analyze how entrepreneurship education, in connection to active learning, design thinking, and Bloom’s Taxonomy, inserted in an integrated way, as a tool, might help the process of engineering students’ entrepreneurial skills development. Thus, this study has the goal to propose an integrated tool, linked to the principles of entrepreneurship education, active learning, design thinking, and Bloom’s Taxonomy, to foster engineering students’ entrepreneurial skills development. The tool, called Entrepreneurial Dynamic Learning, is operationalized and validated in a 2-year case study in a Brazilian public university. The study also produces practical implications, and five are highlighted: (1) at the level of governments and policy makers; (2) engineering scientific associations; (3) universities, coordinators, and professors of engineering undergraduate programs; (4) engineering education researchers; and (5) the Brazilian National Confederation of Industry.