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91.
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Herbert W. Marsh 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1993,30(2):157-183
The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate structural equation models (SEMs) for measures of the same construct collected on multiple occasions (one-variable, multiwave panel studies). Simplex models hypothesize that a measure at any one wave is substantially influenced by the measure at the 0immediately preceding wave; correlations between the same construct measured on different occasions are predicted to decline systematically as the number of intervening occasions increases. Alternatively, a one-factor model posits that a person's score at any one time is a function of some underlying "true" score and a random disturbance that is idiosyncratic to the time; no temporal ordering of correlations is assumed. Both the simplex and one-factor models can befit when there is only a single indicator of each construct at each wave (e.g., scale scores), but there are serious limitations to such models. Stronger models are possible when the same set of multiple indicators (e.g., the items that make up the scale) is measured at each wave. In Study 1, based on students' evaluations of teaching effectiveness collected over an 8-year period, one-factor models fit the data well, whereas simplex models did not. In Study 2, based on personality variables collected over a 4-year period during adolescence, one-factor models again provided an excellent fit to the data, whereas the simplex model did marginally poorer. The results challenge an overreliance on simplex models and demonstrate that a one-factor model is a potentially useful alternative that should be considered in multiwave studies. 相似文献
93.
Michael Barnett Heather Wagner Anne Gatling Janice Anderson Meredith Houle Alan Kafka 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2006,15(2):179-191
Researchers who have investigated the public understanding of science have argued that fictional cinema and television has proven to be particularly effective at blurring the distinction between fact and fiction. The rationale for this study lies in the notion that to teach science effectively, educators need to understand how popular culture influences their students’ perception and understanding of science. Using naturalistic research methods in a diverse middle school we found that students who watched a popular science fiction film, The Core, had a number of misunderstandings of earth science concepts when compared to students who did not watch the movie. We found that a single viewing of a science fiction film can negatively impact student ideas regarding scientific phenomena. Specifically, we found that the film leveraged the scientific authority of the main character, coupled with scientifically correct explanations of some basic earth science, to create a series of plausible, albeit unscientific, ideas that made sense to students. 相似文献
94.
Geoffrey Barnes Dennis M McInerney Herbert W Marsh 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2005,32(2):1-23
In many countries there remain substantial sex differences in enrolments in elective science courses, despite concerted efforts in recent years to alleviate them. This paper explores the reasons for these differences by comparing models of male and female enrolment intentions in elective courses in biology, chemistry and physics. The models are based on responses from approximately 450 students from 5 Australian high schools. First, a theoretical model, the Science Enrolment Model, was derived from Eccles and colleagues’ General Model of Academic Choice. Students’ responses were then used to develop empirical models of enrolment intentions in the three elective courses. Analyses for the models were conducted using the LISREL “mean structures” extension. Sex differences in the dependent variables in the models were then attributed to the relevant sets of independent variables. Substantial sex differences were identified in measures of perceived career value, interest and performance expectations in all three models which explained between 70% and 82% of the sex differences in enrolment intentions. 相似文献
95.
A bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) demonstrated the ability to select the matching object in a matching-to-sample task after listening to another dolphin inspect the sample object via echolocation. The listener was prevented from inspecting the sample himself. In Experiment 1, with objects familiar to both dolphins, the listener’s performance was significantly better than chance. In Experiment 2, objects familiar to only one of the dolphins were used. On these trials, the listener’s performance was significantly better than chance only when the inspecting dolphin made a correct choice. Analysis of the listener’s responses when the inspector made an error demonstrated that this contingency was not due to the listener’s matching the inspector’s response, but was apparently due instead to inadequate information in the echo. The results suggest that the listener was able to “eavesdrop” on echoes produced by the inspector’s clicks and derive characteristics of the sample object. 相似文献
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Florina Erbeli Sara A. Hart Richard K. Wagner Jeanette Taylor 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2018,22(2):167-180
A fairly recent definition of reading disability (RD) is that in the form of a hybrid model. The model views RD as a latent construct that is manifested through various observable unexpected impairments in reading-related skills and through inadequate response to intervention. The current report evaluated this new conceptualization of RD from an etiological perspective. The sample consisted of 2,737 twin pairs in 1st through 4th grade (Mage = 8.52) from the Florida Twin Project on Reading. Using twin analyses, results showed that a substantial proportion of genetic variance, a small proportion of shared environmental, and a small proportion of nonshared environmental variance was attributed to the RD factor. Findings suggest that the etiological architecture of RD closely mirrors the structure of the hybrid model of RD. 相似文献
98.
Schreier H 《Child abuse & neglect》2002,26(5):537-549
The recent trial and conviction of Kathy Bush for abusing her daughter is used to illustrate (1) the nature of the motivation, in at least some cases of MBP, and (2) the importance of distinguishing the motivation found in MBP from that found in other forms of child abuse and other conditions involving factitious illness production. 相似文献
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