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941.
Research has found discrepancies among folk beliefs about lie detection, deception cue utility, and retrospective accounts of detected lies. Elite customs agents (N = 37) were surveyed regarding their overall beliefs about how to detect lies (general strategy), their opinions about best practices (best strategy), and about a successfully detected lie (actual strategy). Responses were coded in three nonexclusive broad categories: (a) behavioral cues, (b) communication content and evidence, and (c) interactive-questioning approaches. Behavioral cues, especially nonverbal cues, were listed most frequently as general beliefs. Opinions about the best approach were evenly split across the three categories. Communication content and evidence was the most frequently reported actual detection method and was mentioned in 97% of the responses. The results are discussed in relation to Truth-Default Theory and their implications for lie detection practice. 相似文献
942.
Archipelagic rhetoric: remapping the Marianas and challenging militarization from “A Stirring Place”
Tiara R. Na’puti 《传播与批判/文化研究》2019,16(1):4-25
Engaging critical rhetorical fieldwork in the Mariana Islands archipelago, this article destabilizes colonial naming projects and US federal control that dispossess island places from Indigenous peoples. On Euro-American and military maps, archipelagoes are depicted as distant, tiny, empty, or merely (is)lands for US geostrategic control. I argue for a remapping of the Marianas as expansive, oceanic sites of resistance to colonial cartographic violence and US militarization. Fieldwork in the Marianas demonstrates how Indigenous epistemologies function as archipelagic rhetoric enacted through a Chamoru sense of place. I examine these fluid relational connections to place and their implications for decolonization. 相似文献
943.
It has previously been demonstrated that enactment (i.e., performing representative gestures during encoding) enhances memory for concrete words, in particular action words. Here, we investigate the impact of enactment on abstract word learning in a foreign language. We further ask if learning novel words with gestures facilitates sentence production. In a within‐subjects paradigm, participants first learned 32 abstract sentences from an artificial corpus conforming with Italian phonotactics. Sixteen sentences were encoded audiovisually. Another set of 16 sentences was also encoded audiovisually, but, in addition, each single word was accompanied by a symbolic gesture. Participants were trained for 6 days. Memory performance was assessed daily using different tests. The overall results support the prediction that learners have better memory for words encoded with gestures. In a transfer test, participants produced new sentences with the words they had acquired. Items encoded through gestures were used more frequently, demonstrating their enhanced accessibility in memory. The results are interpreted in terms of embodied cognition. Implications for teaching and learning are suggested. 相似文献
944.
Identity: a complex structure for researching students’ academic behavior in science and mathematics
This article is a response to Pike and Dunne’s research. The focus of their analysis is on reflections of studying science
post-16. Pike and Dunne draw attention to under enrollments in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields,
in particular, in the field of physics, chemistry and biology in the United Kingdom. We provide an analysis of how the authors
conceptualize the problem of scientific career choices, the theoretical framework through which they study the problem, and
the methodology they use to collect and analyze data. In addition, we examine the perspective they provide in light of new
developments in the field of students’ attitudes towards science and mathematics. More precisely, we draw attention to and
explicate the authors’ use of identity from the perspective of emerging theories that explore the relationships between the
learner and culture in the context of science and mathematics. 相似文献
945.
Bret G. Range Susan Scherz Carleton R. Holt Suzanne Young 《Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability》2011,23(3):243-265
The intent of this study was to assess the perceptions and actions of Wyoming principals concerning their role in supervising
and evaluating teachers. A survey was sent to all 286 principals in the state of Wyoming, of which, 143 returned surveys,
a response rate of 50%. Findings suggested that principals utilized supervisory behaviors more often than evaluative behaviors.
Elementary principals perceived their evaluative practices as significantly more prevalent than secondary principals. Furthermore,
principals indicated that their greatest frustrations in supervising teachers were time, the evaluation instrument, and teachers’
unwillingness to change. Additionally, findings suggested that Wyoming principals utilized classroom walkthroughs because
they provided a snapshot of teaching and provided a medium for providing feedback. In regards to developmental supervision,
principals indicated that novice teachers received much more supervision than veteran teachers. However, their reported use
of differentiated supervision only applied to teacher autonomy concerning professional development goals. Principals reported
that teachers had little input concerning the methods by which they were supervised. Finally, a majority of the Wyoming principals
felt that improvement plans were effective at changing mediocre teaching behaviors, but 40% were speculative that such plans
truly remediated poor teachers. 相似文献
946.
947.
948.
R. Philip Chalmers 《Journal of Educational Measurement》2015,52(2):200-222
A mixed‐effects item response theory (IRT) model is presented as a logical extension of the generalized linear mixed‐effects modeling approach to formulating explanatory IRT models. Fixed and random coefficients in the extended model are estimated using a Metropolis‐Hastings Robbins‐Monro (MH‐RM) stochastic imputation algorithm to accommodate for increased dimensionality due to modeling multiple design‐ and trait‐based random effects. As a consequence of using this algorithm, more flexible explanatory IRT models, such as the multidimensional four‐parameter logistic model, are easily organized and efficiently estimated for unidimensional and multidimensional tests. Rasch versions of the linear latent trait and latent regression model, along with their extensions, are presented and discussed, Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to determine the efficiency of parameter recovery of the MH‐RM algorithm, and an empirical example using the extended mixed‐effects IRT model is presented. 相似文献
949.
Infants become sensitive to emotion expressions early in the 1st year and such sensitivity is likely crucial for social development and adaptation. Social interactions with primary caregivers may play a key role in the development of this complex ability. This study aimed to investigate how variations in parenting behavior affect infants' neural responses to emotional faces. Event‐related potentials (ERPs) to emotional faces were recorded from 40 healthy 7‐month‐old infants (24 males). Parental behavior was assessed and coded using the Emotional Availability Scales during free‐play interaction. Sensitive parenting was associated with increased amplitudes to positive facial expressions on the face‐sensitive ERP component, the negative central. Findings are discussed in relation to the interactive mechanisms influencing how infants neurally encode positive emotions. 相似文献
950.
Individual Differences in Childhood Behavior Disorders Associated With Epigenetic Modulation of the Cortisol Receptor Gene 下载免费PDF全文
Mark R. Dadds Caroline Moul David J. Hawes Antonio Mendoza Diaz John Brennan 《Child development》2015,86(5):1311-1320
Behavioral/emotional difficulties in children are the first sign of mental health problems. These problems are however, heterogeneous. A domain that may identify homogenous subgroups is hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal function. This study tested whether epigenetic regulation of glucocorticoid receptor gene could explain the co‐occurrence of anxiety problems in children with behavior problems. Four‐ to 16‐year‐old clinically referred children (N = 241) were measured for psychiatric symptoms, methylation of target CpG sites in blood or saliva, and morning cortisol levels in those who gave blood. Increased methylation of promoter 1F CpG sites was associated with higher vulnerability to co‐occurring internalizing symptoms and morning cortisol. The results support increasing optimism that epigenetic regulation of key neuroendocrine systems might help explain hitherto unfathomable individual differences in susceptibility to psychiatric symptom profiles. 相似文献