A Cross-Cultural Study of the Self-Confidence of Counselors-in-Training

In this era of globalization, cross-cultural comparison studies could help counselor training programs enhance educational opportunities that are informative, supportive, and culturally responsive to students. Counselors-in-training in both the United States and South Korea were sampled in this study assessing self-esteem (individual and collective) and counselor activity self-efficacy (CA self-efficacy). Results indicated that American students endorsed higher levels of collective self-esteem and CA self-efficacy compared to Korean students. Age was positively correlated with CA self-efficacy in both the American and Korean samples. Additionally, the variable of supervision hours and internship experience was positively correlated with CA self-efficacy for American students, but showed no relationship with CA self-efficacy for Korea students. Implications for understanding the cultural differences of counseling-trainees’ self-confidence and the need for conducting cross-cultural comparison studies to provide insights about the training and development of trainees in cross-cultural settings are discussed.     

Sometimes It's Good to be Short: The Serotonin Transporter Gene,Positive Parenting,and Adolescent Depression

In threatening environments, the short (S) allele of 5-HTTLPR is proposed to augment risk for depression. However, it is unknown whether 5-HTTLPR variation increases risk for depression in environments of deprivation, lacking positive or nurturant features. Two independent longitudinal studies (n = 681 and 176, respectively) examined whether 5-HTTLPR moderated associations between low levels of positive parenting at 11–13 years and subsequent depression at 17–19 years. In both studies only LL homozygous adolescents were at greater risk for depression with decreasing levels of positive parenting. Thus, while the S allele has previously been identified as a susceptible genotype, these findings suggest that the L allele may also confer sensitivity to depression in the face of specific environmental challenges.     

The effect of work placements on the academic performance of Chinese students in UK higher education

The main controversy as a result of the commercialisation of international education markets is that international students especially those from China are unable to perform as well as UK students in UK universities. So far, research has yet to identify the influence of placements on the academic performance of Chinese students from entry to graduation. Using four cohorts of accounting and finance students in a UK university, this present work is the first to find that Chinese students who undertake placements in the third year are seven times more likely to achieve good degrees (2.1 or 1st) than those who opt out of work placements. It is also found that Chinese students who have a high prior academic achievement and better academic results from years 1 and 2 are likely to undertake placements. Finally, the results show that the academic performance of international students is influenced by domicile.     

Ralph W. Tyler: The man and his work

CONGRESS AND HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY by George N. Rainsford. Knoxville, Tennessee: University of Tennessee Press, 1972. 156 pp. $6.95.

BAYLOR AT INDEPENDENCE: 1845‐1886 by Lois Smith Murray. Waco, Texas: Baylor University Press, 1972. xxiii + 421 pp. $10.00.

DIRECTORY OF FACILITIES FOR THE LEARNING‐DISABLED AND HANDICAPPED by Careth Ellingson and James Cass. New York: Harper &; Row, Publishers, Inc., 1972. xii + 624 pp. $15.00.

THE EMERGING TECHNOLOGY: INSTRUCTIONAL USES OF THE COMPUTER IN HIGHER EDUCATION by Roger E. Levien et al. A Carnegie Commission on Higher Education and RAND Corporation Study. New York: McGraw‐Hill, 1972. 583 pp. $12.50.

GOVERNANCE FOR THE TWO‐YEAR COLLEGE by Richard C. Richardson, Jr., Clyde E. Blocker, and Louis W. Bender. Prentice‐Hall, 1972. ix + 245 pp. $8.95.

TEACHING SINGING by John Carroll Burgin. Metuchen, N.J.: The Scarecrow Press, 1973. 284 pp. $7.50.

THE NIGHTWATCHERS by Angus Cameron. Illustrated with line drawings by Peter Parnall. New York: Four Winds Press, 1971. 112 pp. $8.95.     

Report of a cooperative venture between the China Medical University library and the medical library of McGill University

In March/April 1986, the medical library at McGill University in Montreal, Canada signed a cooperative agreement with the China Medical University (CMU) Library in Shenyang, China. This paper analyzes the operations of the CMU library within the context of the Chinese system of medical education, health care delivery, and medical librarianship. The CMU library is described in terms of collections, cataloging procedures, filing, public services (reference, bibliographic instruction, circulation, copy service), interlibrary loans, networking, conservation of materials, and personnel. Some interesting comparisons are made between the two libraries with respect to holdings, services provided, and training of staff. The plans for future cooperation are outlined.     

Future directions in standardization

The development of standards is only the beginning of a long process that includes acceptance, publicity, implementation, compliance, review, amendment, and—occasionally—abandonment. In this look into the future, Walt Crawford predicts new standards likely to be developed in the next few years, and discusses the need for broader implementation of existing standards, the trend toward simplification of standards, and the advisability of eliminating standards that are not being used. Walt Crawford is principal analyst for special projects at The Research Libraries Group, Inc. He has written five books for professional librarians, and will edit the new NISO quarterly publication beginning in 1989. Address for correspondence.