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901.
Is Inequality Among Universities Increasing? Gini Coefficients and the Elusive Rise of Elite Universities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
One of the unintended consequences of the New Public Management (NPM) in universities is often feared to be a division between
elite institutions focused on research and large institutions with teaching missions. However, institutional isomorphisms
provide counter-incentives. For example, university rankings focus on certain output parameters such as publications, but
not on others (e.g., patents). In this study, we apply Gini coefficients to university rankings in order to assess whether
universities are becoming more unequal, at the level of both the world and individual nations. Our results do not support
the thesis that universities are becoming more unequal. If anything, we predominantly find homogenisation, both at the level
of the global comparisons and nationally. In a more restricted dataset (using only publications in the natural and life sciences),
we find increasing inequality for those countries, which used NPM during the 1990s, but not during the 2000s. Our findings
suggest that increased output steering from the policy side leads to a global conformation to performance standards. 相似文献
902.
903.
Why culture attracts and resists economic analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gillian Doyle 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2010,34(4):245-259
The realm of arts and culture can be seen as ephemeral and ill-suited to the ‘intrusion’ of quantitative analysis. Yet, demand
amongst end-users for economic research into cultural and creative industries is stronger today than ever it has been in the
past. Oddly, culture seems to both attract and resist economic analysis. Drawing on an analysis of recent research findings
related to multi-platform strategies in the television industry, this article examines what is distinctive about economics
of culture, and it assesses the appeals but also the challenges associated with conducting scholarly research work in this
particular area. 相似文献
904.
Desalination is a relatively new intervention in the field of conservation of architectural heritage. Especially the desalination of immovable objects, such as masonry structures, is still a trial-error practice. In the field, different desalination materials and methods are used, sometimes with unsatisfactory results. Better understanding of the desalination process is needed in order to support the conservator with clear guidelines for choosing a suitable desalination material and method. The research presented in this paper constitutes the first step towards the development of a modular system of poultices, which can be adapted, i.e. fine-tuned to different types of substrates. Starting point is to make use of advection, i.e. the transport of salt ions with water flow. This transport mechanism is faster than diffusion and the application on immovable objects is relatively easy. In order to optimize salt extraction, a poultice working by advection should have smaller pores than the substrate. Starting from this principle the pore sizes of different desalination materials (sand, cellulose, kaolin and bentonite) mixed in different proportions, have been measured. Interesting results were obtained, showing that the desalination materials commonly used in the field are often not the most suitable ones. On the basis of the results, recipes for poultices, adapted to a specific substrate, can be formulated. 相似文献
905.
906.
Filipe J. Teixeira Catarina N. Matias Cristina P. Monteiro Maria J. Valamatos Joana F. Reis Ana Batista 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(6):802-810
β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (calcium: HMB-Ca and free acid: HMB-FA) and α-hydroxyisocaproic acid (α-HICA) are leucine metabolites that have been proposed to improve body composition and strength when combined with resistance exercise training (RET). In this double-blind randomized controlled pragmatic trial, we evaluated the effects of off-the-shelf supplements: α-HICA, HMB-FA and HMB-Ca, on RET-induced changes in body composition and performance. Forty men were blocked randomized to receive α-HICA (n?=?10, fat-free mass [FFM]?=?62.0?±?7.1?kg), HMB-FA (n?=?11, FFM?=?62.7?±?10.5?kg), HMB-Ca (n?=?9, FFM?=?65.6?±?10.1?kg) or placebo (PLA; n?=?10, FFM?=?64.2?±?5.7?kg). The training protocol consisted of a whole-body resistance training routine, thrice weekly for 8 weeks. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and total body water (TBW) by whole-body bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS), both at baseline and at the end of weeks 4 and 8. Time-dependent changes were observed for increase in trunk FFM (p?0.05). No statistically significant between-group or group-by-time interactions were observed. Supplementation with HMB (FA and Ca) or α-HICA failed to enhance body composition to a greater extent than placebo. We do not recommend these leucine metabolites for improving body composition changes with RET in young adult resistance trained men. 相似文献
907.
James H. Dugdale Calum A. Arthur Dajo Sanders Angus M. Hunter 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(6):745-756
This study aimed to establish between-day reliability and validity of commonly used field-based fitness tests in youth soccer players of varied age and playing standards, and to discriminate between players without (“unidentified”) or with (“identified”) a direct route to professional football through their existing club pathway. Three-hundred-and-seventy-three Scottish youth soccer players (U11–U17) from three different playing standards (amateur, development, performance) completed a battery of commonly used generic field-based fitness tests (grip dynamometry, standing broad jump, countermovement vertical jump, 505 (505COD) and T-Drill (T-Test) change of direction and 10/20 m sprint tests) on two separate occasions within 7–14?days. The majority of field-based fitness tests selected within this study proved to be reliable measures of physical performance (ICC?=?0.83–0.97; p?.01). However, COD tests showed weaker reliability in younger participants (ICC?=?0.57–0.79; p?.01). The field-based fitness testing battery significantly discriminated between the unidentified and identified players; χ2 (7)?=?101.646, p?.001, with 70.2% of players being correctly classified. We have shown field-based fitness tests to be reliable measures of physical performance in youth soccer players. However, results from the 505COD and T-Test change of direction tests may be more variable in younger players, potentially due to complex demands of these tests and the limited training age established by these players. While the testing battery selected in this study was able to discriminate between unidentified and identified players, findings were inconsistent when attempting to differentiate between individual playing standards within the “identified” player group (development vs. performance). 相似文献
908.
Transitioning into faculty roles can be a challenging experience. Responsibilities related to teaching, research, and service can be difficult to balance, and mismatch between personal preferences for work focus and instructional expectations can be problematic. This is particularly true of visiting assistant professors who want to work toward tenure-track positions, but whose current job focus is on teaching. Through transformative learning theory and employing the methodologies of self-study, we sought to understand the experiences of Kevin, the second author and a first-year visiting assistant professor. We draw data from Kevin's reflective journal and discussions between Kevin and his critical friend, Jim. Themes included (a) becoming an academic, (b) a hard-wired disposition toward work, and (c) influence of the VAP on emotional and personal health. Results are discussed through the lens of transformative learning theory and focus on Kevin's growth during his year as a visiting assistant professor. 相似文献
909.
910.
Marcelo Bigliassi João P. A. Greca Vinícius Barreto-Silva Priscila Chierotti Arli R. de Oliveira Leandro R. Altimari 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(5):525-536
The present experiment sought to further understanding of the effects of personalised audiovisual stimuli on psychological and psychophysiological responses during exercise in adults with obesity. Twenty-four participants (Mage = 28.3, SD = 5.5 years; MBMI = 32.2, SD = 2.4) engaged in self-paced exercises on a recumbent cycle ergometer and three conditions (sensory stimulation [ST], sensory deprivation [DE], and control [CO]) were administered. Perceptual (attentional focus and perceived exertion), affective (affective state and perceived activation), and psychophysiological (heart rate variability) parameters were monitored throughout the exercise bouts. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare self-reported and psychophysiological variables (main and interaction effects [5 Timepoints × 3 Conditions]). The results indicate that ST increased the use of dissociative thoughts throughout the exercise session (ηp2 = .19), ameliorated fatigue-related symptoms (ηp2 = .15) and elicited more positive affective responses (ηp2 = .12) than CO and DE. Accordingly, personally-compiled videos are highly effective in ameliorating exertional responses and enhancing affective valence during self-paced exercise in adults with obesity. Audiovisual stimuli could be used during the most critical periods of the exercise regimen (e.g., first training sessions) when individuals with obesity are more likely to focus on fatigue-related sensations. 相似文献