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21.
W. A. HART 《Journal of Philosophy of Education》1993,27(1):17-27
The project of studying children in order to understand them, which lies at the heart of contemporary thinking about children and their education, is misconceived. It rests, jrst of all, upon a false belief that we can only come to know something properly by deliberately and systematically pursuing knowledge of it. Secondly, it offers a paradigm of knowing children which justifies parents and teachers in not giving themselves to children. By re-interpreting the problems that adults experience with children as technical, as arising from lack of information about them, it ignores the personal and moral dimension of adults' relations with children and thus further alienates them from one another. 相似文献
22.
Gerald W. Bracey 《Educational Measurement》1992,11(4):5-6
Do students today know less than their parents or grandparents did as students? Are they being academically outclassed by students of other nations? Or have ideologically driven policy makers painted an unnecessarily negative picture of student achievement? 相似文献
23.
James P. Shaver 《Publishing Research Quarterly》1992,8(4):23-32
The New Social Studies curriculum development movement was short-lived, in part because project staff were not sensitive to
the realities of the educational context within which their materials and methods would be used. Although textbook-based recitation
persists in social studies classrooms, textbooks are not a ready mechanism for reform. Among the reasons are the institutional
constraints on publishers and the difficulty in effecting curricular change without appropriate teacher preparation and modifications
in the educational environment.
James P. Shaver id professor of secondary education, associate dean for research, College of Education, and acting dean of
the School of Graduate Studies, Utah State University, Logan. He has been president of the National Council for the Social
Studies and has received NCSS’s Citation for Exemplary Research. His numerous books and articles include materials for students,
research reports, and discussion of educational rationale-building, rationales for social studies education, and research
philosophy. 相似文献
24.
Chaos theory, informational needs, and natural disasters 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Timothy L. Sellnow Matthew W. Seeger Robert R. Ulmer 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2002,30(4):269-292
This study applies chaos theory to a system-wide analysis of crisis communication in a natural disaster. Specifically, we analyze crisis communication during the 1997 Red River Valley flood in Minnesota and North Dakota. This flood, among the worst in modern American history, consumed entire metropolitan areas, displacing thousands of people. The conditions and decisions leading to the disaster, and the subsequent reactions are retraced. Communication related to river crest predictions (fractals), the shock at the magnitude of the crisis (cosmology episode), novel forms of reorganizing (self-organization), and agencies that aided in establishing a renewed order (strange attractors) are evaluated. Ultimately, we argue that preexisting sensemaking structures favoring rationalized, traditional views of a complex system led officials to make inappropriately unequivocal predictions and ultimately diminished the effectiveness of the region's crisis communication and planning. 相似文献
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Students who are deaf or hard of hearing (SDHH) often use test accommodations when they participate in large-scale, standardized assessments. The purpose of this article is to present findings from the Third Annual Survey of Assessment and Accommodations for Students who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing. The "big five" accommodations were reported by at least two-thirds of the 389 participants: extended time, small group/individual administration, test directions interpreted, test items read aloud, and test items interpreted. In a regression analysis, language used in instruction showed the most significant effects on accommodations use. The article considers these findings in light of a more proactive role for the National Survey in providing evidence for the effectiveness of accommodations with SDHH. 相似文献
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Anne W. Graves Russell Gersten Diane Haager 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2004,19(4):262-272
This study examined literacy instruction in 14 first‐grade classrooms of English learners (ELs) in three schools in a large urban school district in southern California over a two‐year period. Pre‐ and posttest measures of oral‐reading fluency for 186 first graders, representing 11 native languages, were the outcome data. Reading‐fluency data were examined in reference to ratings of literacy practices using the English Learners Classroom Observation Instrument (ELCOI). Results indicated a moderately strong correlation (r= 0.65) between ELCOI rating and gain in oral‐reading fluency at the end of first grade. We report patterns of ELs who read below the oral‐reading fluency benchmark thresholds and patterns of students who were ultimately labeled with learning disabilities. Instructional practices of teachers rated “high” and “low” are discussed. Educational implications and recommendations for future research are discussed. 相似文献