Effects of structural features on word recognition development of hispanic and non-hispanic second graders

Reading and Writing - Do Hispanic and non-Hispanic second graders acquire knowledge ofstructural features of words in the same order and at the same rate? Doesthe order and rate of acquisition of...     

Noise and oscillations in hot cathode arc

Gas discharges generate oscillations superimposed on random noise of several megacycles bandwidth.Positive ions oscillate in two distinct regions of the discharge, i.e., the plasma and the potential minimum at the cathode.The disturbances produced by the ion motions appear as voltage variations between the electrodes.Oscillations generated in the plasma are usually below 400 kc./sec., while “cathode” oscillations are about 700 kc./sec.As the discharge current is increased, the amplitude of the plasma oscillation increases while its frequency decreases. The random noise also depends on current, increasing rapidly as the Townsend discharge changes into an are. After arc conditions are fully established, the noise changes slightly with current. Probe studies show that the noise voltage between probe and cathode increases rapidly as space charge conditions change to permit acceleration of electrons to the probe. When the probe collects positive ions, the noise as viewed on an oscilloscope is coarse, i.e., lacking in high frequency components.An explanation of the noise generation may be found in the random fluctuations of space charge at the electrodes. Calculations based on this theory give voltage fluctuations of the observed order of magnitude.     

Building the Foundation of Acceptance Book by Book: Lesbian,Gay, Bisexual,and/or Transgender-Themed Books for Grades K–5 Multicultural Libraries

This article is an analysis of picture books and chapter books involving lesbian, gay, bisexual, and/or transgender characters. Over 30 picture and chapter books were reviewed, each of which would be appropriate for use in elementary classrooms. For grades K–2, several picture books highlight different types of families, including families that have two moms or two dads. For grades 3–5, four chapter books that subtly and matter-of-factly include same-sex parents or lesbian, gay, bisexual and/or transgender characters are recommended. A discussion focuses on the significance of including lesbian, gay, bisexual, and/or transgender families and characters in the school-sanctioned curriculum beginning in the elementary grades. Families with same-sex parents is an increasing demographic in the United States; an inclusive curriculum would allow all children to see their families represented. For elementary students with “traditional” families, an inclusive curriculum extends their conceptions of family, ideally building the foundation for acceptance.     

Becoming Teachers: The Payne Effect

In this qualitative study, the authors explore the connections between a preservice teacher education curriculum and the development of teacher identity. Focus is given to the impact Ruby Payne's (2001) A Framework for Understanding Poverty has on the ideological development of preservice special education teachers embarking on an urban practicum. Implications for teacher education are discussed.