流行文化

在西班牙叫茶点,在阿拉伯叫加济勇士,在中国叫可乐：世界上有很多词汇,而不变的是对碳酸饮料的渴求。自1997年起,碳酸饮料在东欧的人均消费量几乎翻倍。2008年可口可乐在全球200个国家有销售苏打饮料的记录。真力时国际工业总监说,即使全球经济不景气,也只是让制造商更加依赖促销和廉价的社交广告而已。     

‘Push on through’: Children’s perspectives on the narratives of resilience in schools identified for intensive mental health promotion

Child mental health is a growing concern for policymakers across the global north. Schools have become a key site for mental health interventions, with new programmes aimed at promoting ‘resilience’, through which children may maintain or regain mental health during adversity. As one of the first studies to explore the early impact of intensive mental health promotion in schools from children’s perspectives, we adopt a governmentality approach to consider the logic and techniques of such programmes with a specific focus on England. An innovative visual methodology was used to focus on student perspectives of mental health interventions in school. Young peoples’ photo representations of mental health were collected and used to stimulate focus group discussions with 65 students aged 12–14, across seven schools. ‘Resilience’ was seen to be the key organising concept for mental health interventions in schools. The concept was viewed as narrowly focused on attitude towards—and performance in—school work, with individuals being encouraged to ‘push on through’ difficulties to achieve success. Young people were critical of this approach, suggesting several alternatives. These included increased access to independent mental health professionals, safe spaces within schools and mental health education that addressed the social and affective dimensions of mental health difficulties.     

Using a situative perspective to gain a deeper understanding of how children’s strengths are related to social context

Over the last twenty-five years, there has been an increase in the availability of published checklists and schedules which allow practitioners to identify the strengths of children and young people, including those with special educational needs. While helpful, these assessments are unable to tell us about the nature of contextual factors which support the expression of particular strengths. In this study, we took a situative perspective to explore how specific classroom practices facilitated strengths. A multiple case study design was used to analyse practices nominated by three children/young people with special educational needs. Qualitative analysis revealed how aspects of practice afforded the opportunity for each child to participate in ways which they equated with their strengths. This style of strength-based assessment led to a more sustained examination of supportive practice features than would have been achieved through interview alone.     

如何阅读3500万个博客?

“科学技术是第一生产力”,伟人不愧是伟人,论断一针见血,不服不行。传媒业越来越感受到科技的力量。这力量,对不同的媒体而言,有些是“压力”,有些是“动力”。科技在拉大差距。在科技力量的作用下,不同类的媒体呈现出不同的发展态势和前景,同类媒体之间的发展分化也在加剧。科技又在消除差距。体现在两个方面:一是国内国外的新闻媒体越来越多地面对越来越多的相同或相似的问题,这背后很重要的因素就是科技的作用;二是科技的发展,无形中降低了很多“门槛”,给市场参与者以更多公平竞争的机会,不管是老媒体还是新媒体,不管是大媒体还是小媒体,都可以借助科技而胜出。如果说过去传媒业的竞争、发展主要考虑“传媒—读者—市场”的关系,今天,今后,则要把“科技”加进来。因为,过去,科技基本上是传媒的“家务事”,其力量基本上体现在采编、印刷等设备更新上,属“辅助性”的力量;现在则不然了,它成了一种“决定性”的力量——不仅对媒体自身,而且对读者和市场。     

A modified dissection method to preserve neck structures

The neck is not only one of the more challenging anatomical regions to dissect but also has important application to clinical conditions, diseases, and procedures. In this study, we describe two simple modifications for dissection of the neck that (1) aid in the identification and preservation of the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus and the accessory nerve, and (2) provide wide exposure of the root of the neck. The cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus can be identified with relative ease at the nerve point of the neck, where they are largest. To accomplish this, the skin and platysma are reflected beginning from the anterior border of trapezius and proceeding anteriorly to the midline of the neck, rather than the conventional approach of reflecting the skin from the anterior midline. The accessory nerve is identified by its relationship to the nerve point and its course to the trapezius muscle. To achieve wide exposure of the root of the neck and its contents, the acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints are disarticulated, and then the clavicle removed completely, rather than the more common approach of removing only the middle section of the clavicle. These modified procedures can be readily performed by first‐year medical students and integrate well with methods described in widely used anatomy dissection manuals. Anat Sci Educ 2:186–192, 2009. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists.