Locus and nature of perceptual phonological deficit in Spanish children with reading disabilities

The aims of this study were (a) to determine whether Spanish children with reading disabilities (RD) show a speech perception deficit and (b) to explore the locus and nature of this perceptive deficit. A group of 29 children with RD, 41 chronological age-matched controls, and 27 reading ability-matched younger controls were tested on tasks of speech perception. The effect of linguistic unit (word vs. syllable) and type of phonetic contrast (voicing, place and manner of articulation) were analyzed in terms of the number of errors and the response time. The results revealed a speech perception deficit in Spanish children with RD that was independent of the type of phonetic contrast and of linguistic unit.     

Cumulative stress and substantiated maltreatment: the importance of caregiver vulnerability and adult partner violence

OBJECTIVE: Our goal is to assess the effect of caregiver vulnerabilities, singly and in combination, on the substantiation of child abuse (physical, sexual) and neglect, while controlling for relevant background variables. We test the moderator role of adult partner violence in qualifying the relationship between caregiver vulnerabilities and maltreatment substantiation. METHOD: Secondary analyses of the 1998 Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Maltreatment (CIS) are used to predict child protective service investigation substantiation versus non-substantiation from a range of caregiver vulnerability factors. Involvement in partner violence was examined as a moderator in the relation between caregiver vulnerabilities and maltreatment substantiation. The CIS is an epidemiological survey of first-reported cases to child protective services, using a random sample of child welfare agencies across Canada. Child welfare workers completed a research form on the child, primary caregiver, family, perpetrator, severity and type of maltreatment, as well as services and court outcomes. All maltreatment classifications were assigned according to the Canadian legal definition of child abuse and neglect. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses were used, with stepped entry of: (1) demographic factors, socioeconomic disadvantage, and caregiver's own history of maltreatment; (2) caregiver vulnerability factors; (3) involvement in partner violence; (4) the interaction between caregiver vulnerability and partner violence. RESULTS: Caregiver substance abuse was found to be the single most potent kind of caregiver vulnerability in predicting maltreatment substantiation. When the total number of vulnerabilities was used as the predictor, prediction across all types of maltreatment increased, especially for substantiated neglect. Analyses also showed that the presence of partner violence in the home exacerbated the effect of caregiver vulnerability on substantiation. CONCLUSIONS: The total number of caregiver vulnerabilities was the best predictor of the substantiation of child abuse and neglect. This relationship was moderated by the existence of partner violence: high caregiver vulnerability and high partner violence increased the likelihood of substantiation versus non-substantiation. These results suggest that caregiver issues should be considered in tandem with partner relationships. Among child welfare cases, caregiver vulnerability and partner violence are critical targets for child maltreatment prevention and early child protective services intervention.     

测谎实验的原理及应用

测谎实验使用"多道生理描记器"记录多项生理反应,了解涉案嫌疑人心理状况,以确定其与案件关联的程度,可用来协助侦讯。测谎实验的原理是,设计与测谎的主题有关的问题,被测者在回答这些问题时,会刺激心理活动,从而触发生理反应,测谎人员通过识别这些生理指标,结合其他相关学科知识,分析被测者的心理状况,判断其是否说谎。由于多道测谎仪测谎存在一定的局限性,对多道测谎测试结果应持一种理性的态度,即把其测试结果作为被测者与案件相关程度的参考之一,同时发展多项测谎技术的联合,进而探索这项技术在中国本土的应用。     

Evaluation and publication delay in Ibero-American scientific journals

This article analyses the review, acceptance and publication dates of a sample of 21,890 articles from 326 Ibero-American scientific journals from all subject areas and countries included in the Latindex Catalogue 2.0 and published between 2018 and 2020 (freely available as an open access dataset). The aim is to discover evaluation and publication times. The evaluation process takes a median of 110 days, the publication process, a median of 82 days, and the whole process, a median of 224 days. Statistical differences are found according to periodicity, subject areas, countries, existence of a printed version and article type (Call for Papers or General articles). From the data we find that the delay in publication is longer than publishers themselves report to the DOAJ. STEM areas present the most similarity in publication patterns, having a higher number of evaluation days (Ed) than publication days (Pd); Arts and Humanities present the opposite pattern, with a higher Pd than Ed. In the case of Social Sciences, the times are similar. General articles and Call for Papers articles differ in terms of Ed, but not Pd, indicating that Call for Papers revisions are faster.     

Editorial H-score as a metric of inner authenticity for national scientific journals—Pilot study for the field of pedagogy

There is evidence that national scientific journals are important for local communities despite their limited audience due to national languages and topics, like in pedagogy. However, it is not easy to assess the level of scientific rigour of local journals, as most do not have available scientometric data and are often published in minority languages. We hypothesize that a possible manifestation of a latent trait of inner authenticity of the scientific journal (meaning the journal is accepted by a community interested in developing the field which conducts internationally accepted research) could be H-index of the editorial board members. To test this approach, we evaluated H-index and gender of editorial board members (n = 490) from 17 Czech and Slovak national science-oriented scientific pedagogical journals which were not indexed or indexed in Erih+ or Scopus, and compared this with the five lowest-rated journals from the same field indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database. The H-index of editorial board members was somewhat higher in indexed journals with those from WoS showing higher scores, and the number of board members with no discernable H-index was far greater in non-indexed journals. Editorial boards of journals indexed in WoS were mostly male, compared to a dominance of women on boards of non-indexed journals. Acknowledging the limited sample, it appears that the H-index of editorial board members may be a way to value national scientific journals.     

面向社会化挑战的图书馆专业化学理依据与实践探索

图书馆专业化作为图书馆学理论的一个命题以及图书馆人长期追求的一个目标,正受到来自图书馆界内外部过度社会化的挑战。尽管社会化是图书馆事业可持续发展的路径选择之一,但决不能以动摇图书馆专业化根基为代价。图书馆过度社会化对专业化造成的威胁体现在四个方面：(1)在职能层面正陷于过度发展休闲职能而挤压基本职能的误区;(2)在机构层面正遭遇社会属性不断突出、愿景与使命不明、组织结构复杂多样、法人治理整体水平低、基层图书馆专业性受外包限制等困扰;(3)在业务层面因外包范围从事务类扩展至专业类工作而导致图书馆采编水平降低、馆藏质量下降与读者活动专业性弱化,正面临职能根基与职业精神动摇的风险;(4)在职业层面因大量社会从业人员与志愿者被引入专业岗位而影响了馆员队伍专业性,并引发了图书馆学专业教育生存危机。本文以图书馆专业化学理依据为基础,从矫正过度社会化的视角提出未来图书馆专业化实践路径：(1)引导职能专业化须适度发挥休闲职能,其边界在于能否保障图书馆文献信息服务基本职能,并在休闲职能中体现图书馆信息、教育、文化与科学功能;(2)维持机构专业化须坚持图书馆专业属性不动摇,恰当确立专业使命与愿景,推动法人...     

生物化工工艺专业普通生物学实验的设计与实践

生物化工工艺专业普通生物学实验内容的选择设计,应注意基础性与工具性、学科交叉性、典型性与对比性,以及探究性与创新性.实验教学实践过程中要注意实验材料的选择与保存,以及教师示范与学生实验操作的统一,突出实验内容"静态过程动态化",开展验证性实验向探究性实验的转化.     

中学教师教学挫折感的成因分析及调适策略

中学教师在课堂教学中产生挫折感的危害主要涉及到教师、学生和教学三方面。因此,应该从社会、学校、个人的角度找出问题的解决措施,如寻求社会的大力支持,优化学校的人际环境,学会自我心理调适。     

建构能动的自我:教育改革中教师身份的自我认同

在教师角色由以往被动执行者转变为变革主体的过程中,教师身份的自我觉醒与认同是一个核心因素。但是,近十年来,教师在教育变革中存在种种不适,甚至畏惧教育变革,自我认同未被唤醒或者迷失。从教师角度来看,教师需要通过对内用力的自我修炼与对外表达的叙事研究来建构身份认同。