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951.
A. K. Mallik 《Resonance》2011,16(3):204-219
A short biography of A B Kempe is followed by discussions on his contributions to mathematics in general and kinematics in
particular. Kempe’s theorem, mechanisms for generating exact straight line, for rectilinear translation, palgiograph, angle
trisector and focal mechanisms are presented. 相似文献
952.
953.
Windsor J Benigno JP Wing CA Carroll PJ Koga SF Nelson CA Fox NA Zeanah CH 《Child development》2011,82(4):1040-1046
This report examines 174 young children's language outcomes in the Bucharest Early Intervention Project, the first randomized trial of foster placement after institutional care. Age of foster placement was highly correlated with language outcomes. Placement by 15 months led to similar expressive and receptive language test scores as typical age peers at 30 and 42 months. Placement from 15 to 24 months also led to dramatic language improvement. In contrast, children placed after 24 months had the same severe language delays as children in institutional care. Language samples at 42 months confirmed that placement after 24 months led to lower expressive skill. 相似文献
954.
David F. Labaree 《Educational theory》2011,61(6):621-632
In this essay David Labaree explores the historical and sociological elements that have made educational researchers dependent on statistics. He shows that educational research as a domain, with its focus on a radically soft and thoroughly applied form of knowledge and with its low academic standing, fits the pattern in which weak professions have been most likely to adopt quantification. One problem with educational researchers' seduction by the quantitative turn is that it deflects attention away from many of the most important issues in the field, which are not easily reduced to standardized quanta. Another is that by adopting this rationalized, quantified, abstracted, statist, and reductionist vision of education, educational policymakers risk imposing reforms that will destroy the local practical knowledge that makes the ecology of the classroom function effectively. Quantification, Labaree suggests, may be useful for the professional interests of educational researchers, but it can be devastating for school and society. 相似文献
955.
Coventry WL Byrne B Olson RK Corley R Samuelsson S 《Journal of learning disabilities》2011,44(4):322-329
The genetic and environmental overlap between static and dynamic measures of preschool phonological awareness (PA) and their relation to preschool letter knowledge (LK) and kindergarten reading were examined using monozygotic and dizygotic twin children (maximum N = 1,988). The static tests were those typically used to assess a child's current level of PA such as blending and elision, and the dynamic test included instruction in phoneme identity to assess the child's ability to respond to this instruction. Both forms were influenced by genes and by shared and nonshared environment. The static and dynamic versions were influenced by the same genes, and part of the total genetic influence was shared with LK. They were subject to both overlapping and independent shared environment influences, with the component in common also affecting LK. Nonshared environment influences were mostly independent. Scores from dynamic assessment added only minimally to variance explained in kindergarten reading after LK and static assessment had been factored in. Although one of the genetic factors that influenced both forms of PA also affected kindergarten reading, it was only the one shared with LK. The authors conclude that dynamic assessment of PA in preschool offers little advantage over the more commonly used static forms, especially if LK scores are available, although they acknowledge its potential in cases of preschool educational disadvantage. 相似文献
956.
An indigenous and migrant critique of principles and innovation in education in Aotearoa/New Zealand
Mere K��pa Linit�� Manu��atu 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2011,57(5-6):617-630
This paper questions notions of individualism underpinning technocratic approaches to education that marginalise indigenous and migrant peoples?? knowledges in tertiary education. Focusing on New Zealand (Aotearoa) with its colonial and immigrant history, its M??ori and Pacific Islander citizens, the authors ask whether education, as its process is being communicated there, leaves indigenous and migrant people vulnerable and marginalised in the dominant, English-speaking, New Zealand European (P??keh??) mainstream society. The question is whether education refers to capacity-building and strengthening the potential of marginalised students?? language and culture; or whether it is only geared towards sustaining English-language ascendancy and technical virtuosity. Taking on board the cultural heritage of Pacific Islanders (Pasifika) resident in New Zealand, a new teacher training diploma was introduced by the Auckland University of Technology in 2004. Both authors are involved in the panel meetings (Fono) where the papers presented during the diploma course are evaluated. 相似文献
957.
For postdocs to have the best chances of achieving their career goals they need to not only acquire discipline-specific research
experience, but also additional generic skills vital for future employment inside or outside academia. They also require access
to information and mentoring that will help them strategically plan and make informed decisions about their future. Few studies
have examined the variables that impact the postdoctoral experience or research productivity. Thus, a comprehensive survey
was conducted to determine whether quality supervision, career mentoring, collaboration, networking and a nurturing research
environment makes a positive difference in the experiences and productivity of postdoctoral researchers. Unsurprisingly, the
survey revealed that job insecurity and lack of a career structure are ongoing concerns for postdocs. However, a clear association
was shown between quality supervision, for example, in conveying the importance of taking responsibility for their future
academic career by strengthening their track record, and the number of peer-reviewed publications produced. The findings also
suggest that mentoring in non-academic career paths can be greatly improved. The results of this study have guided a research-intensive
Australian University to implement initiatives and programs which enhance the postdoctoral experience. Finally this work raises
awareness of the crucial contributions postdocs make to the research output and environment of universities. 相似文献
958.
Student socialization in interdisciplinary doctoral education 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Interdisciplinary approaches are often seen as necessary for attacking the most critical challenges facing the world today,
and doctoral students and their training programs are recognized as central to increasing interdisciplinary research capacity.
However, the traditional culture and organization of higher education are ill-equipped to facilitate interdisciplinary work.
This study employs a lens of socialization to study the process through which students learn the norms, values, and culture
of both traditional disciplines and integrated knowledge production. It concludes that many of the processes of socialization
are similar, but that special attention should be paid to overcoming organizational barriers to interdisciplinarity related
to policies, space, engagement with future employers, and open discussion of the politics of interdisciplinarity. 相似文献
959.
Despite the laudable intent of various educational initiatives in raising the achievement level of all children, limited progress
has been made. In an effort to diminish the achievement gap of students of color, some researchers have examined the cultural
relevancy of the curriculum in promoting student achievement. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to explore the preferences
of African American children toward culturally relevant and non-culturally relevant lessons, through a six-week series of
lessons in an American History classroom. Critical Race Theory and Racial Identity Development provided the theoretical underpinnings
of this study. This study takes place in an ethnically diverse high school in Colorado. Culturally relevant lessons were rich
in oral traditions, music, historical connections, and a structured culturally relevant field trip. Non-culturally relevant
lessons were administered devoid of cultural referents, and utilized the existing curriculum guide. Study results revealed
statistically significant findings for African American children’s preferences for culturally relevant lessons. These lessons
were found relevant to their culture when administered by a culturally responsive and caring teacher. Recommendations are
made for educators and administrators in promoting achievement through culturally relevant lessons and curriculum. 相似文献
960.
Patrice L. Engle Victor K. Groza Christina J. Groark Aaron Greenberg Kelley McCreery Bunkers Rifkat J. Muhamedrahimov 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》2011,76(4):190-222
Research that clearly demonstrates the negative effects of institutionalization, particularly for young children, has been critical for changing policy. However, actually putting science into action requires advocacy, persistence, and perseverance. Policy makers and advocates must be informed about the research and use it effectively. This paper proposes a number of key components for translating research into policy and programs: analyzing the situation, using evidence to build the case for action, developing policies, building program capacity in child welfare and early childhood development, creating a family‐based child welfare system, and developing a system of monitoring and accountability. Much of the knowledge in this paper comes from experiences, desk reviews, and case studies of successful practices. Research provides the basis, but moving research to practice depends on collaboration between researchers who understand the key policy perspectives and policy makers who understand the research. 相似文献