Self-guided field trips for students of environments

In many learning institutions around the world, there is a trend towards larger classes, more flexible learning pathways and reduced teaching resources. Experiential learning is often used in the form of site visits or field trips for students studying engineering, natural resource management, geography and similar disciplines. Providing opportunities for students to undertake field trips without the traditional support mechanism is one of the more challenging issues for subject designers. How can large cohorts of students gain practical exposure to various aspects of the natural or built environment? Although this is typically done using traditional site visits and fieldwork with a high staff/student ratio, the goal has been to use action research to design and develop resources to enable small groups (three or four) to make self-guided visits to sites close to campus. Multimedia resources to examine and interpret aspects of the site that relate to their on-campus learning guide the students. One critical issue in the success of these activities has been proper risk assessment and control procedures. The outcome of this research is a framework to provide a safe, active learning experience by way of self-guided field trips that is suitable for implementation with large classes.     

A new look at the professional training of secondary school mathematics teachers

Typical patterns followed in American colleges and universities in the preparation of mathematics teachers are inadequate for at least four reasons: some mathematics courses are perceived by students as irrelevant, the preparation is often not in step with societal changes, little attention is given to developing a solid understanding of mathematics content which is particularly important for secondary teachers, and insufficient emphasis is placed on the big ideas and unifying themes which pervade all of mathematics. This article discusses the reasons for these shortcomings and suggests a possible remedy involving the design of a program based on the intersection of certain needs of a secondary teacher and certain mathematics courses studied by prospective teachers.     

基于SPWM方式车载12VDC/220VAC变流器分析与设计

该文分析和讨论了车载DC／AC变流器的结构、原理以及设计过程等。整个变流器由DC／DC变换器,DC／AC逆变器,辅助电源,以及各种保护电路组成。通过对DC-DC变换器原理的分析,确定了以推挽式变换器作为低压变高压的电路。本文设计的开关逆变器具有多种保护措施,如过压、欠压、过流、过温等,使得系统的可靠性高。由于逆变器工作于高频开关状态,所以本文研究的变流器具有体积小、重量轻等优点。     

Learned Helplessness and Dyslexia: A Carts and Horses Issue?

A survey into attitudes towards and beliefs about dyslexia among ABE teachers and providers is reported. This research appears to reveal doubt, uncertainty and confusion about dyslexia and considerable misgiving as a consequence. A marked degree of learned helplessness was apparently induced in respondents when faced with a student with a diagnosis of dyslexia. Tuition was greatly simplified and expectations lowered. Attribution theory and learned helplessness are discussed in the context of ABE. It is argued that a diagnosis of dyslexia may be a maladaptive attribution and so inevitably induce learned helplessness. Increased scepticism towards dyslexia in ABE is recommended.     

Into the Unknown: Examining Neural Representations of Parent–Adolescent Interactions

The parent–adolescent relationship is important for adolescents’ emotion regulation (ER), yet little is known regarding the neural patterns of dyadic ER that occur during parent–adolescent interactions. A novel measure that can be used to examine such patterns is cross-brain connectivity (CBC)—concurrent and time-lagged connectivity between two individuals’ brain regions. This study sought to provide evidence of CBC and explore associations between CBC, parenting, and adolescent internalizing symptoms. Thirty-five adolescents (mean age = 15 years, 69% female, 72% Non-Hispanic White, 17% Black, 11% Hispanic or Latino) and one biological parent (94% female) completed an fMRI hyperscanning conflict discussion task. Results revealed CBC between emotion-related brain regions. Exploratory analyses indicated CBC is associated with parenting and adolescent depressive symptoms.     

大学生竞争心理品质的培养

大学生健康的竞争心理品质,对于培养他们积极乐观的人生态度、百折不挠的意志,提高他们适应社会竞争环境的能力,塑造奋发有为的个性心理品质,促进心理素质与思想道德素质、文化素质、专业素质和身体素质的协调与全面发展均具有重要意义。培养大学生竞争心理品质,可以通过创设学习环境、加强实践锻炼、引导自我调节、成立疏导机构来实现。     

Lu-Hf年代学研究——以大别榴辉岩为例

本文利用多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（MC-ICP-MS）进行了同位素稀释法Lu-Hf年代学研究,建立了全岩Lu、Hf的分离条件.分离后Lu溶液中^176Lu/^176Yb大于30,分离后Hf溶液中Lu和Yb对Hf的干扰（^176Lu/^176Hf和^176Yb/^176Hf分别小于2×10^-6和2×10^-4）采用指数法则进行校正。建立了MC-ICP-MS进行Lu、Hf同位素高精度准确测试的校正方法.天然样品中Hf同位素^176Hf/^177Hf的内部测试精度优于0.0015%,外部精密度优于0.0010%.应用本文建立的方法获得大别双河榴辉岩石榴子石-全岩Lu-Hf等时线年龄为254±16Ma（2σ）.年龄误差稍大与该样品石榴子石中较低的Lu含量（1.1 μg/g）和石榴子石-全岩的未充分分开的^176Lu/^177Hf比值（分别为0.05和0.01）有关。     

Children's Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviour,as Perceived by Children,Parents and Teachers

Within the context of a widespread concern with children's antisocial behaviour, especially bullying, the development of ‘whole‐school’ policies on bullying, and also recent national guidelines which emphasise the importance of fostering children's prosocial behaviours, this research examines the extent to which children, parents and teachers exhibit within‐ and between‐group consensus, both in their perceptions and relative judgements of different forms of child prosocial and antisocial behaviours, and in their responses to such behaviours. Less consensus was found in judgements of prosodal than of antisocial behaviours, both within and between groups, and significant between‐group differences are discussed in the context of the teaching of social behaviour.