Repatriated Germans and ‘British Spirit’

Following the end of the Second World War, the ideals of public service broadcasting that had first been exemplified by the BBC came to lay the groundwork for a new type of broadcasting system in Northern Germany. This led to intensive discussions between British Military Officers and their German counterparts about the principles of public service broadcasting. Repatriated Germans came to play a crucial role. Having worked for the BBC German Service during their years of exile, some of them helped to nurture a new generation of democratic journalists. Focusing on these men, this article reveals the difficulties in transferring and adapting public service ideals. Making use of a wide range of sources, we highlight the multifaceted roles of the repatriated Germans, as both intermediaries and transmitters of public service broadcasting. We show how many of them came to play a pivotal role in resisting pressure from conservative forces in West German society.     

ODS Network ‐ International School Networking

Abstract

The initiative ‘Offenes Deutsches Schul‐Netz’ (ODS) ‐ The Open German School Network ‐ sees itself as a joint cover for school networking in Germany. In this article, we give an insight into the very successful ideas on which ODS is based. Practically every computer‐mediated communication between schools in Germany and abroad is transmitted on the basis of agreements by the ODS with various servers. We describe, briefly, how we imagine networking between schools in future.     

Stereotype change following exposure to counter‐stereotypical media heroes

During his 1966–69 tenure as director of research for the Lutheran Council in the U.S.A., Ronald L. Johnstone helped plan and conduct the research reported here which is based on a sizable national sample. In the article, he constructs a profile of the typical religious radio program listener. Dr. Johnstone earned the Ph.D. from the University of Michigan in 1963 and is now associate professor of sociology at Central Michigan University in Mt. Pleasant.     

An Inquiry into the Use of Living Organisms in Biological Education in West German Schools

Summaries

English

An investigation was conducted, for the entire Federal Republic of Germany, on the use of living organisms in biological instruction. Besides the scope and manner in which living organisms are used, the expenditure of time and material by teachers was examined and teachers’ views of the value of including living organisms in biology instruction were ascertained. In addition, it was determined whether there are verifiable differences among the various types of schools, among schools located in differently sized communities, and also among schools of different size. The results are compared with statements from professional educators.     

The effects of non-specific and specific concepts on tactical creativity in team ball sports

The main aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of various training approaches in team ball sports for the development of tactical creativity. Altogether, 135 children aged about 7 years took part in a 15-month field-based study. They participated either in non-specific treatment groups, a specific handball, soccer or field hockey group, or a control group. General and game-oriented tactical creativity were chosen as outcome measures. Our analysis of treatment-related effects showed that the non-specific groups displayed improvements in general creativity, whereas the specific groups showed improvements in the game-oriented creativity in which they were trained. Furthermore, clear transfer-related effects were observed. The analysis of group-related effects indicated no differences between the approaches. Only the soccer-specific group performed better in nearly all creative values. In conclusion, a non-specific concept appears to be a promising alternative to traditional specific treatments. This is further substantiated by several pedagogical, psychological, and medical arguments.     

Identity,scale and soccer supporter groups: the case of the Timbers Army

The purpose of this article is to examine how Timbers Army members collectively construct and present their supporter group identity through an awareness of and interaction with soccer and supporter culture at different socio-geographic scales. Central to this is a strong attachment to and with place – most specifically to the city of Portland, Oregon, where the team is based. Using participant observation and interviews, we explore how the group’s identity evolved in a country without a history of soccer support. The findings illustrate how individuals and collectives come to view themselves and their locality within a globalized world through processes of glocalization and relativization. Soccer and its attenuate supporter culture(s) are perfect arenas for exploring social identity and the fuzziness of geographic borders within global–local interactions due to the global appeal yet highly specific local manifestations of soccer support.