影响中、美两国青少年参加体育活动因素的比较研究

以中国东部沿海的浙江省和美国中北部的爱荷华州这两个经济、教育实力相对较为接近地区的青少年作为研究对象,把影响这两个地区青少年参与体育活动的因素作为研究内容,对影响两国青少年参加体育活动的因素及异同进行比较分析.     

What makes teachers tick? Sustaining events in new teachers’ lives

To investigate what keeps teachers motivated on a day‐to‐day basis, we traced the importance of routinely encountered affective episodes. Significant research on emotions already highlights the relative importance of positive versus negative episodes, the importance of perceived origins of events and the need to differentiate between the frequency and affective intensity of episodes. Survey reports from 749 recently qualified primary teachers in Ireland strongly suggest the absence of positive experiences undermines commitment and efficacy rather than the occurrence of negative events. Furthermore, while remote structural factors may heavily influence teaching, it is the perception of events at micro‐level that impinge most strongly on motivation. Finally, the importance of particular experiences was, crucially, more related to their frequency than intensity. A major implication for teachers’ job satisfaction is the suggestion that while adverse episodes may be inevitably experienced, positive events (that occur independently of negative ones) fortify motivation and resilience.     

Modeling Retention at a Large Public University: Can At-Risk Students Be Identified Early Enough to Treat?

We examine the extent to which readily available data at a large public university can be used to a priori identify at-risk students who may benefit from targeted retention efforts. Although it is possible to identify such students, there remains an inevitable tradeoff in any resource allocation between not treating the students who are likely to exit without treatment and treating students who are likely not to exit in the absence of the treatment. At-risk students are found to remain at risk throughout their college career. Moreover, conditional on exiting the institution, the degree to which the student was at risk is predictive of whether the student subsequently re-enrolls elsewhere and the type of institution at which this re-enrollment occurs. In this context, we discuss how retention policies relate to insuring the initial match is appropriate, recognizing that some attrition can be in keeping with the broad social interest.     

如何随时随地和别人交谈

I never wanted to be anything but a broadcaster, a talker. And for 40 years, I＇ve been doing just that. To me, the ability to talk well is one of the great pleasures in life and can bring with it some of life＇s greatest rewards, I＇m not saying it＇s always easy. The vast majority of people would rather jump out of an airplane without a parachute than sit next to someone they＇ve never met at a dinner party. But the more you work at it, the easier it will be. To get you started, here are my five basic ingredients for learning how to talk to anyone, anytime, anywhere.     

Book reviews

Henry Holt & Co.     

The media megamerger wave of the 1980s: What happened?

The wave of publishing mergers of the 1980s ended with the recession of 1990. This article looks at the nature of that wave and its likely effects, both short and long term. Noble finds the scenario of a handful of media giants unlikely and anticipates more rational times. He was formerly publishing industry analyst for Paine Webber, Inc. Address for correspondence