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121.
Adrienne O. Wente Katherine Kimura Caren M. Walker Nirajana Banerjee María Fernández Flecha Bridget MacDonald Christopher Lucas Alison Gopnik 《Child development》2019,90(3):859-875
Extensive research has explored the ability of young children to learn about the causal structure of the world from patterns of evidence. These studies, however, have been conducted with middle-class samples from North America and Europe. In the present study, low-income Peruvian 4- and 5-year-olds and adults, low-income U.S. 4- and 5-year-olds in Head Start programs, and middle-class children from the United States participated in a causal learning task (N = 435). Consistent with previous studies, children learned both specific causal relations and more abstract causal principles across culture and socioeconomic status (SES). The Peruvian children and adults generally performed like middle-class U.S. children and adults, but the low-SES U.S. children showed some differences. 相似文献
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Leah E. Robinson E. Kipling Webster S. Wood Logan W. Amarie Lucas Laura T. Barber 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2012,40(2):79-86
Early childhood educators, especially those in preschool centers, are often expected to design and implement movement programs.
However, these individuals may not have been taught these skills during their education. The purpose of this study was to
determine if early childhood majors could successfully be taught to implement a mastery climate instructional approach to
promote motor skill development to preschool-age children. Twenty undergraduate Early Childhood Education majors, who completed
a Motor Development Across the School Years course, designed and implemented a movement program to develop preschoolers’ locomotor
and object control skills. Fourteen preschoolers participated in an 11-week movement program. Preschoolers’ motor performance
was assessed with the Test of Gross Motor Development—2nd Edition prior to and following the intervention. Results indicate
significant improvements in total performance (p < .05) and locomotor skills (p = .037). Findings indicate that with guidance and training, early childhood majors can effectively design and implement a
mastery-based movement program that enhances motor skill competence. The findings also demonstrate the need and value for
early childhood majors to receive training in the design and implementation of movement programs. This paper provides a conceptual
framework and practical recommendations to assist teachers and educators with implementing a mastery climate movement programs. 相似文献
125.
Retention is a frequently used strategy to support children who are struggling academically. However, the strategy is costly, and research findings with regard to positive outcomes are mixed. This study examined whether efficacious reading instruction might reduce rates of retention in first grade. We also evaluated the reading instruction the students received compared with children with similar reading and vocabulary skills who were not retained. Additionally, we examined the impact students' self‐regulation may have on grade retention. Findings reveal that it was significantly less likely for students to be retained at the end of first grade if their teacher was implementing more efficacious reading instruction. Moreover, there were substantial differences in the literacy instruction provided for children who were and were not retained. Finally, students in the efficacious reading condition who were retained exhibited significantly weaker self‐regulation skills than did their matched‐promoted peers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
126.
Ernest Valveny Àgata Lapedriza Miquel Ferrer Jaume Garcia-Barnés Gemma Sànchez 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2012,37(3):243-254
In the academic year 2010–2011, Spain finished the process of introducing the regulatory changes derived from the Bologna Declaration and the new European Space for Higher Education (ESHE). These changes have implied the updating of university degrees’ structure as well as the inclusion of the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS). This paper describes the process of adaptation of two basic first-semester core subjects of computer engineering to one of the basic aspects of the ESHE, the adoption of the ECTS. The process described in the paper was developed in the framework of the pilot plan undertaken by the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona between 2005 and 2010. The proposed course design implies a better coordination and integration of the contents of two different subjects that students follow simultaneously, and it is based on the combination of project-based learning and cooperative learning. After the experience finished, an extended quantitative and qualitative analysis of the academic results over the five-year period has shown an improvement in the students’ learning outcomes. 相似文献
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Rudolf LUCAS 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2010,11(2):127-135
Objective: To investigate the distributions of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A and-B alleles and HLA-A-B haplotypes in the Yi ethnic minority of the Yunnan Province, situated in southwestern China. Methods: DNA typing for HLA-A and-B loci was performed using the polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT) method on 114 randomly selected healthy individuals of the Yi population. The allelic frequencies of HLA-A and-B loci were calculated by direct counting and HLA-A-B haplotypes were estimated ... 相似文献
130.
John A. Lucas 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2013,65(2):216-221
Contemporary life has transformed the body into an object of growing interest. The real emphasis of our culture is not on the body as a “material substratum” of the person, bul on the body as both an ideal appearance and the very depository of social rules and norms. The consequence of this is often the triumph of a body without a name that tries to hide its internal emptiness, unable to accept its real and concrete nature, and which is probably in any case a sick body, incapable of perceiving its own natural desires, impulses, and needs. In this sense, the aim of this paper is to both point out the dynamical similarilies between anorexic and addictive exercise behaviors and show that the final consequences of a strong manipulation of our real body may be a pathological behavior. In such a way, many bndybuilders and anorexic persons may he seen as “victims” of the extreme control of their bodies and of the contemporary construction of an ideal body image. 相似文献