Understanding divergent domestication traits from the whole-genome sequencing of swamp- and river-buffalo populations

Domesticated buffaloes have been integral to rice-paddy agro-ecosystems for millennia, yet relatively little is known about the buffalo genomics. Here, we sequenced and assembled reference genomes for both swamp and river buffaloes and we re-sequenced 230 individuals (132 swamp buffaloes and 98 river buffaloes) sampled from across Asia and Europe. Beyond the many actionable insights that our study revealed about the domestication, basic physiology and breeding of buffalo, we made the striking discovery that the divergent domestication traits between swamp and river buffaloes can be explained with recent selections of genes on social behavior, digestion metabolism, strengths and milk production.     

绳子速度相等法归类例析

用一条绳连结两个物体且发生运动时,如绳与物体连结端速度方向一致,则绳的速度与物体的速度等大,如绳与物体连结端的速度方向不在同一直线上时,则绳的速度就是物体在沿绳方向上的一个分速度,而同一绳上各处不同的点速度必然是大小相等的,所以两物体在沿绳方向的分速度必定相等,     

棉花在化学实验设计中的应用

1 作反应物 1.1 纤维素硝化反应中所用脱脂棉是反应物 1.2 多糖纤维素的水解用到的棉花是反应物 1.3 用棉花团包裹Na2O2粉末,然后用胶头滴管向Na2O2粉末上滴2～3滴水,或通过长玻璃管用嘴向Na2O2粉末中吹气,棉花团能燃烧.棉花团作反应物.     

生物教师为何不愿上公开课

【案例聚焦】开学伊始,学校总是要求各教研组推荐二至三名教师在本学期内分别上一节公开课,必须在两周内把名单报齐。两周后,全校八个教研组常有个别组因不能凑齐人数而迟迟不能上交,尤其是生物组拖后。为此,学校特别设奖,即上公开课与年终考核挂钩,凡校级公开课加3分,区、市级     

苏北高职院校体育教学改革实施中教师阻抗的现象学分析及消除策略

本文将教师阻抗定义为由于自身或外界因素导致教师对现有体育教学改革表现出的不满、反对、甚至抵制心理和行为。研究以教师阻抗为问题切入点,重点探究教师阻抗的内在原因。具体分析内容包括:现有体育教学改革实施现状、体育教师态度真相、冷落改革,阻抗缘由,并结合阻抗缘由提供相关消解建议。本研究主要以现象学研究方法作为方法论基础,由悬置与还原、体验与描述、反思与归纳、本质的呈现作为重点环节,参照Pollio的现象学研究方法流程,采用深度访谈,访谈对象20人,每轮访谈结束后及时将访谈录音转录为文本形式,访谈文本132571字。对访谈文本采取归纳与演绎相结合的形式,精简提炼并进行具体论证分析。结论:(1)高职院校体育改革情况并不理想,阻抗现象真实存在;(2)体育教师内心支持改革,主观排斥现象罕见,阻抗现象另有他因;(3)体育教师阻抗主要由于教师对公共体育课程教学指导纲要无从下手,各校围绕体育教学改革中需要变更新的大纲、教学方法、评价方式等工作茫然无措所导致。以此建议多安排一线教师参加培训学习;制定更为客观、易操作的教学方法和评价方式应用于高职院校体育教学一线;增大资金及人力投入;提高教师文化自信等方面,消除改革中出现的部分教师阻抗,也为高职体育改革提出一些思路。     

Application of network meta-analysis in the field of physical activity and health promotion

Continued advancement in the field of physical activity and health promotion relies heavily on the synthesis of rigorous scientific evidence. As such, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have led to a better understanding of which intervention strategies are superior (i.e., produce the greatest effects) in physical activity-based health behavior change interventions. Indeed, standard meta-analytic approaches have allowed researchers in the field to synthesize relevant experimental evidence using pairwise procedures that produce reliable estimates of the homogeneity, magnitude, and potential biases in the observed effects. However, pairwise meta-analytic procedures are only capable to discerning differences in effects between a select intervention strategy and a select comparison or control condition. In order to maximize the impact of physical activity interventions on health-related outcomes, it is necessary to establish evidence concerning the comparative efficacy of all relevant physical activity intervention strategies. The development of network meta-analysis (NMA)—most commonly used in medical-based clinical trials—has allowed for the quantification of indirect comparisons, even in the absence of direct, head-to-head trials. Thus, it stands to reason that NMA can be applied in physical activity and health promotion research to identify the best intervention strategies. Given that this analysis technique is novel and largely unexplored in the field of physical activity and health promotion, care must be taken in its application to ensure reliable estimates and discernment of the effect sizes among interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to comment on the potential application and importance of NMA in the field of physical activity and health promotion, describe how to properly and effectively apply this technique, and suggest important considerations for its appropriate application in this field. In this paper, overviews of the foundations of NMA and commonly used approaches for conducting NMA are provided, followed by assumptions related to NMA, opportunities and challenges in NMA, and a step-by-step example of developing and conducting an NMA.     

学分制的文化冲突和适应研究

文章运用文化冲突和文化适应的理论研究学年制和学分制文化冲突的实质,分析学分制文化冲突的具体内容和学分制实施中的文化困境,并把学分制的文化适应分为四个阶段。     

Internet农业信息资源的开发与利用

文章由概述Internet农业信息资源的主要信息源出发,归纳、总结了相关资源的获取途径,并在此基础上,对我国Internet上农业信息资源的建设提出了若干建议.     

浅谈语文教学与人文素质教育

语文同时具备了工具性、人文性、思想性和知识性等特征。语文教学蕴含了丰富的人文教育资源,其课程内容涵盖了学生的理想信念教育、爱国主义教育、人文关怀教育等,是开展人文教育的有效载体。我国著名语文教学专家于漪对此有着深刻的理解:"学语文就是学做人,伴随语言文字的读写听说训练,渗透着认知教育、情感教育和人格教     

Chinese New Year Celebrated with Unique Traditions

The Spring Festival, or Chinese New Year, is the most important celebration for Chinese people. Reflecting solar and lunar movement, the Spring Festival is fundamentally associated to astronomical calculations of Chinese ancestors that date back to more than 2000 years. Today, the Spring Festival has evolved into an integral part of Chinese traditions that bears the emotional pursuit of Chinese people.