社会工作专业人才流失原因及对策

通过生态系统理论视角分析了造成社会工作专业人才流失的宏观、中观和微观原因,并提出了相应的解决措施,以期为社会工作专业人才队伍建设提供一些合理化建议。     

文化对创业意图影响的比较分析

创业与创新在国内外都受到广泛的关注,但是关于创业精神的文化问题研究还较少。以Hofstede文化维度理论为基础,运用结构方程模型对中德学生群体进行对比分析,探讨了文化对于创业动机与意图的影响。     

基于MPOC的在线学习行为及影响因素研究

国家开放大学是国内规模最大的公立远程教育体系,以在线形式按照MPOC教学模式开展教学。探究学生在线学习行为特征及影响因素能够为管理部门优化在线教学提供大数据视角的决策参考。采集在线教学数据,结合访谈结果,以技术接受模型为理论支撑进行分析。结果显示,学生在线学习行为数保持一定水平,但在线时间偏少;有一定的社会性交互,但交互层次较低;学生注重课程考核,选课数量对学习效果有所影响。办学机构、课程类别对在线学习行为有显著性影响,教师在线教学行为是学生在线学习行为的最大影响因素。今后,需要从教师教学、基层办学机构教学管理、网络教学团队建设等方面着手,全面提升在线学习质量。     

以任务为中心的教学策略

在回顾教学设计模式的基础上,先前的论文提出了首要教学原理。首要教学原理确定了一个由激活旧知、示证新知、应用新知和融会贯通组成的教学循环圈。这些教学阶段最好在现实生活的任务中实施。一种波纹环状的教学开发方法提出了“以任务为中心、内容为优先”的教学设计程序,并在最终的教学产品中贯彻这些首要教学原理。本文阐述了该教学设计模式的成分分析和教学策略,亦整合了以往成分呈现理论的教学策略以及知识对象的内容成分。教学策略包括了将策略成分应用于不同的知识成分,使学习者能够看到它们之间的相互关系以及自身与整体的关系。这样的教学策略是一种以任务为中心的指导性方法,与以学习者为中心的问题型教学设计方法有所不同。本文还阐述了成分分析和任务中心教学策略的具体应用实例。     

新修订的《中华人民共和国职业教育法》的亮点与新意

<正>2022年4月,新修订的《中华人民共和国职业教育法》（以下简称新版《职业教育法》）经十三届全国人大常委会第三十四次会议表决通过,2022年5月1日起正式施行,这也是1996年的《职业教育法》颁布26年来首次大幅度修订,中国职教在历经“招不到好学生”“达不到好教学”“找不到好岗位”的多年“生存改革”中,终于否极泰来。“不破不立,破而后立”,新版《职业教育法》第一次站在法律的绝对高度,确认了职业教育、普通教育两者在教育地位上的一致性,明确了职业院校学生在升学、就业、择业等各个方面,与同阶段、同层次的普通学校学生享有同等机会,这意味着我们要办的是高质量且“有尊严”的职业教育。     

大学课程设计自学指南:如何设计课程以促进意义深远的学习(续)

作为大学老师,为了达到好的教学效果,我们必须能够做好两项活动,既要做好课程设计,又要做好师生互动。就这两项活动而言,我们的课程设计能力常常是制约因素。《创造意义深远的学习经历:大学课程整合设计方案》一书作者,美国奥克拉荷马大学教学发展项目部主任迪.芬克博士撰写了一份大学课程设计的自学指南,旨在给大家介绍一套系统有效的课程设计程式,帮助大家学会怎样进行课程设计。指南包括课程整合设计的三个主要阶段,每阶段包括开篇的介绍性评价,读者可以加以使用的工作簿,以及读者在课程设计过程中可以对自己提出的一些问题,以对自己的设计实践进行推敲。     

让我们更多地认识城市与城市研究(二)

本文是美国圣地亚哥大学教授詹姆斯·A·克莱普2008年4月在北京城市学院的演讲,演讲共三场。为便于读者全面地理解克莱普教授的演讲内容,全部演讲内容被编译成一篇。本文是根据演讲记录稿整理后,经克莱普教授本人审定英文稿编译。     

The relationship between peak height velocity and physical performance in youth soccer players

Longitudinal changes in height, weight and physical performance were studied in 33 Flemish male youth soccer players from the Ghent Youth Soccer Project. The players' ages at the start of the study ranged from 10.4 to 13.7 years, with a mean age of 12.2 +/- 0.7 years. Longitudinal changes were studied over a 5 year period. Peak height velocity and peak weight velocity were determined using non-smoothed polynomials. The estimations of peak height velocity, peak weight velocity and age at peak height velocity were 9.7 +/- 1.5 cm x year-1, 8.4 +/- 3.0 kg x year-1 and 13.8 +/- 0.8 years, respectively. Peak weight velocity occurred, on average, at the same age as peak height velocity. Balance, speed of limb movement, trunk strength, upper-body muscular endurance, explosive strength, running speed and agility, cardiorespiratory endurance and anaerobic capacity showed peak development at peak height velocity. A plateau in the velocity curves was observed after peak height velocity for upper-body muscular endurance, explosive strength and running speed. Flexibility exhibited peak development during the tear after peak height velocity. Trainers and coaches should be aware of the individual characteristics of the adolescent growth spurt and the training load should also be individualized at this time.     

Imagery use by injured athletes: a qualitative analysis

The purpose of this study was to expand our knowledge and increase our understanding of imagery use by athletes in sport-injury rehabilitation using a qualitative approach. The participants were 10 injured athletes who were receiving physiotherapy at the time they were interviewed. During the interviews, the athletes provided extensive information about their use of imagery during injury rehabilitation and it was clear that they believed imagery served cognitive, motivational and healing purposes in effectively rehabilitating an injury. Cognitive imagery was used to learn and properly perform the rehabilitation exercises. They employed motivational imagery for goal setting (e.g. imagined being fully recovered) and to enhance mental toughness, help maintain concentration and foster a positive attitude. Imagery was used to manage pain. The methods they employed for controlling pain included using imagery to practise dealing with expected pain, using imagery as a distraction, imagining the pain dispersing, and using imagery to block the pain. With respect to what they imaged (i.e. the content of their imagery), they employed both visual and kinaesthetic imagery and their images tended to be positive and accurate. It was concluded that the implementation of imagery alongside physical rehabilitation should enhance the rehabilitation experience and, therefore, facilitate the recovery rates of injured athletes. Moreover, it was recommended that those responsible for the treatment of injured athletes (e.g. medical doctors, physiotherapists) should understand the benefits of imagery in athletic injury rehabilitation, since it is these practitioners who are in the best position to encourage injured athletes to use imagery.     

The role of effort in moderating the anxiety-performance relationship: Testing the prediction of processing efficiency theory in simulated rally driving

We tested some of the key predictions of processing efficiency theory using a simulated rally driving task. Two groups of participants were classified as either dispositionally high or low anxious based on trait anxiety scores and trained on a simulated driving task. Participants then raced individually on two similar courses under counterbalanced experimental conditions designed to manipulate the level of anxiety experienced. The effort exerted on the driving tasks was assessed though self-report (RSME), psychophysiological measures (pupil dilation) and visual gaze data. Efficiency was measured in terms of efficiency of visual processing (search rate) and driving control (variability of wheel and accelerator pedal) indices. Driving performance was measured as the time taken to complete the course. As predicted, increased anxiety had a negative effect on processing efficiency as indexed by the self-report, pupillary response and variability of gaze data. Predicted differences due to dispositional levels of anxiety were also found in the driving control and effort data. Although both groups of drivers performed worse under the threatening condition, the performance of the high trait anxious individuals was affected to a greater extent by the anxiety manipulation than the performance of the low trait anxious drivers. The findings suggest that processing efficiency theory holds promise as a theoretical framework for examining the relationship between anxiety and performance in sport.