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Manuel L. de la Mata 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(42):3-18
ResumenSe hace una revisión de las investigaciones soviéticas y occidentales sobre el desarrollo de las acciones de memoria (estrategias en la terminología occidental). La distinción entre actividades y procesos de memorización no deliberada y actividades y procesos de memorización deliberada facilita la integración de las aportaciones de ambas vías de investigación, soviética y occidental. En todo el desarrollo de las acciones de memoria, el aspecto central es la adquisición de control por parte del sujeto (control que va transfiriéndose del adulto al niño de forma gradual) que culmina con la constitución del sistema ejecutivo de control de la memoria. Se afirma, finalmente, que el concepto de Zona de Desarrollo Próximo de Vigotsky permite caracterizar este desarrollo de modo más realista y complejo que la noción de deficiencia de producción. 相似文献
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Bettina Lamm Heidi Keller Johanna Teiser Helene Gudi Relindis D. Yovsi Claudia Freitag Sonja Poloczek Ina Fassbender Janina Suhrke Manuel Teubert Isabel Vöhringer Monika Knopf Gudrun Schwarzer Arnold Lohaus 《Child development》2018,89(3):e261-e277
The development of self‐regulation has been studied primarily in Western middle‐class contexts and has, therefore, neglected what is known about culturally varying self‐concepts and socialization strategies. The research reported here compared the self‐regulatory competencies of German middle‐class (N = 125) and rural Cameroonian Nso preschoolers (N = 76) using the Marshmallow test (Mischel, 2014). Study 1 revealed that 4‐year‐old Nso children showed better delay‐of‐gratification performance than their German peers. Study 2 revealed that culture‐specific maternal socialization goals and interaction behaviors were related to delay‐of‐gratification performance. Nso mothers’ focus on hierarchical relational socialization goals and responsive control seems to support children's delay‐of‐gratification performance more than German middle‐class mothers’ emphasis on psychological autonomous socialization goals and sensitive, child‐centered parenting. 相似文献
365.
ResumenEn el presente trabajo se reinterpreta el problema de la motivación para el rendimiento académico desde una perspectiva cognitiva, fundamentada en la teoría de la autoeftcacia. Se hace hincapié en el papel de las expectativas de eficacia como mediadoras entre las habilidades y el rendimiento de los sujetos y se acentúa el papel que juega la motivación cognitivamente basada en el proceso de aprendizaje. Postulamos, asimismo, la necesidad de fomentar la autoevaluación frente a la evaluación externa y los sistemas que permitan el desarrollo de la motivación intrínseca para el aprendizaje. 相似文献
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J. Manuel Galvin Arribas 《European Journal of Education》2016,51(4):495-512
This article analyses moves towards good multilevel governance approaches in Vocational Education and Training (VET) as an effective way to improve VET policy making in transition and developing countries, focusing on the Southern Neighbourhood of the EU (ENPI South). The centralised approaches in public administration and to VET governance still prevail in this region. The new modes of governance applied by the EU in the policy area of education and training are based on the Open Method of Coordination (OMC). They are a source of inspiration to improve VET governance, taking into account the complexity of VET policies and systems. According to current European and international experiences, the most effective, relevant and attractive VET models and systems are demand‐driven. They rely on the effective and accountable participation of both state (national/local public actors) and non‐state VET stakeholders (e.g. employers, sectoral actors, unions) in decision‐making and policy implementation processes. This could also pave the way towards self‐governed and performance‐based VET provider institutions which would give quicker responses to rapidly changing labour market skills, competences and qualification needs. Thus, this means putting in practice more and better inclusion and effective cooperation and coordination of regional and local voices of VET actors and developing stronger social partnerships to engage employers, unions and civil society in shaping and investing in skills development. Furthermore, the role of methodological tools for VET governance is not only to provide an analytical ground to capture data and structure further policy advice. These tools can also be used as ice‐breakers to improve collaboration, inclusiveness, multi‐participation and trust‐building among policy makers as they work together on very sensitive issues such as reviewing country VET governance models, modes and institutional arrangements, and/or planning policy thinking and/or learning for implementing coordination mechanisms for VET policy making. The European Training Foundation (ETF) has implemented a methodology to map, analyse and self‐assess good multilevel governance in VET, inspired by how EU governance soft tools in education and training are being used. This methodology has been applied to the Governance for Employability in the Mediterranean (GEMM) project in the ENPI South region, which is a regional project implemented by the ETF and financed by the European Commission's Directorate General for Neighbourhood and Enlargements Negotiations (NEAR). 相似文献
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With a focus on possible gender differences, this study used 2003–2013 data from the Survey of Doctorate Recipients to examine individual, institutional, and early employment factors that contribute to career paths of recent doctorates who enter postsecondary academic appointments. Findings showed some noteworthy differences by gender including lower salary and longer time to degree for women, but overall results indicated no strong, comprehensive evidence of a gendered path to tenure during the first decade after degree completion. Scholarly publications and activities such as research and a postdoctoral appointment in early years following degree completion were the most important contributors for both men and women. Implications for policy and planning are discussed. 相似文献
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