What can age by grade tell us about education in Australia?

The education systems in the States and Territories of Australia are analyzed using age by grade (Year) tables produced by the Australian Bureau of Statistics from the 1 July returns from government and nongovernment schools. The demographic patterns of 8-year-olds at Year levels show that the system of promotion through school and the rates of retention in the early years differ by State and Territory. The factors producing these variations are explored. Indigenous/non-indigenous differences in school progress are uneven across States and Territories and there are small differences favoring girls. Policy implications for the findings are discussed.     

Can parents and teachers provide a reliable and valid report of behavioral inhibition?

Reliability and validity of parent and teacher report of behavioral inhibition (BI) was examined among children aged 3 to 5 years. Confirmatory factor analysis supported 6 correlated factors reflecting specific BI contexts, each loading on a single, higher order factor of BI. Internal consistency was acceptable, with moderate stability over 1 year and strong correlation with a brief inhibition subscale from a temperament questionnaire. Children who were rated by mothers and teachers as high BI took longer to initiate contact with a stranger, spoke less often and for shorter periods, and required more prompting to elicit speech compared with low-BI peers in a simulated stranger interaction task. Father report of BI was significantly associated with mean duration of speech and eye gaze.     

Comprehensive School Reform in Middle Schools: The Effects of Different Ways of Knowing on Student Achievement in a Large Urban District

Comprehensive school reform (CSR), a federally funded program, is designed to raise student achievement via the implementation of whole school reforms. Unfortunately, although close to 400 CSR models have been adopted by schools nationally, there is relatively limited empirical evidence from rigorous research studies regarding the effectiveness of CSR in general or of specific models in particular. Of additional importance is the extent to which CSR models can demonstrate positive effects over time. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects on student achievement and attendance, in an urban school district in Kentucky, of the Year 3 implementation of the Different Ways of Knowing (DWoK) for the Middle Grades model. Results indicated that achievement results on both the Comprehensive Test of Basic Skills and Kentucky Core Content Test were significantly superior for the DWoK schools relative to matched control schools; no positive impacts on student attendance occurred for Year 3. The implications of the study lies in revealing that learner-centered CSR models that integrate the arts with the core curriculum can produce observable achievement gains in both normed- and criterion-referenced tests.     

Mixed Doubles: Political Hegemony,Urban Entrepreneurialism and the Australian Open Tennis Championships

The National Tennis Centre in Melbourne, Australia, occupies a symbolic role in the repositioning of a once ‘rust-belt’ city as a place for ‘footloose’ capital and tourism. This paper explores the decisions that have been made by successive Victorian state governments between 1984 and 1998 to construct and upgrade the National Tennis Centre. Thematic content analysis of three daily newspapers, and one monthly tennis magazine, was undertaken to map political decisions and accompanying public discussion surrounding the foundation and upgrades of the National Tennis Centre. Successive state governments, representing both the left and right side of politics, have adopted an urban entrepreneurial approach to development and economic regeneration of Melbourne since the early 1980s. Targeting sport as a competitive advantage, significant public investments have been made to ‘sell’ this product to consumers identified as citizens and tourists. Worthy of note, and of particular concern, is the limited consultation with important interest groups, particularly environmentalists and the citizenry, when creating an elite sporting entertainment centre.     

Don’t Silence “the Dinosaurs”: Keeping Caution Alive With Regard to Social Work Distance Education

Distance education (DE) in social work programs and studies on its comparable effectiveness with face-to-face education continue to increase. Yet not all faculty are convinced of the results, and this study explores why. Three case studies indicate that reservations center on valuing the process of learning and nonverbal communication. Issues regarding duty of care to families to be served by future social workers primarily educated in a virtual classroom also matter significantly. The trend toward DE may be inevitable, but this does not mean that educators should not voice their concerns; their skepticism has merit, and they have a responsibility to be vocal.     

Imaginative instruction: what master storytellers can teach instructional designers

Educational technology in Australia has seen a diverse and rich history across the various education sectors. The face of educational technology, the thinking behind the technology and the terminology used to describe the undertakings has changed considerably over time. However, a number of characteristics have remained constant. This article tells the story of educational technology in Australia over the past 30 years, tracing the ebb and flow, decline of the old and adoption of new technologies and approaches. Finally, it draws together some propositions for the future of educational technology in Australia. Innovation et re-invention : brève revue de la technologie de l'éducation en Australie. La technologie de l'éducation a connu une histoire variée et riche dans des secteurs d'éducation variés. La nature de la technologie de l'éducation et la terminologie utilisée pour décrire les initiatives ont changé considérablement au cours des années. Cependant un certain nombre de caractéristiques sont demeurées constantes - cet article décrit les 30 derniers années retracant le flux et reflux, le déclin des veilles technologies et l'adoption de nouvelles ainsi que de nouvelles approches. Finalement il regroupe des propositions pour l'avenir de la technologie de l'éducation en Australie. Innovation und Wiederentdeckung : die Entwicklung der Bildungstechnologien in Australien. Die Unterrichtstechnologie in Australien hat eine reiche Tradition in den vielfältigen Bildungsangeboten. Die Beschaffenheit der Technologie, das damit verbundene technische Denken und die Terminologie, die benutzt wurde um die Vorgänge zu erläutern, haben sich inzwischen verändert, aber gewisse Eigenheiten sind geblieben. Dieser Artikel berichtet über die Entwicklung der Bildungstechnologie in Australien während der letzten 30 Jahre, dem Auf und Ab, dem Untergang alter und die Einführung neuer Technologien und ihrer Anwendungen. Daraus ergeben sich zwei Vorschläge für die Bildungstechnologie der Zukunft in Australien.     

Competency‐based standards for industry trainers: a critical comparison of international models

Models of competency standards for industry trainers now exist in Canada, Britain, USA, and Australia. These models all tend to define the training roles to which they apply, cluster the areas of competence in some way, and define the required competencies. The models also have interesting distinguishing features. Apart from the different mechanisms by which they achieve each of the above points, they differ in the purposes for which they were designed. The wishes of the stakeholders who controlled or initiated their development, and the particular contexts within which they were developed have been powerful influences. We assert that competency based standards can make a valuable contribution to the workforce but more is required on a range of higher order competencies, on the clarification of values which are implicit in the models and on quality assurance in relation to the ways they are developed and used. To enhance such work we show that an integrated approach to competency standards has advantages over previous approaches. Indeed such an integrated approach is perceived as one more stage in the development of a distinct HRD discipline.     

In and of the City: Theory of Action and the NYU Partnership School Program

This article explores the theory of action underlying New York University's (NYU's) Partnership Schools Program—explaining in the process what a theory of action is, and how it can be constructed for other innovations in other contexts. NYU's Partnership Program involves 23 schools, K-12, spanning several of New York City's most economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. It operates on the basis of what the authors call “mutual self-interest” and exploits what they call “complementarity.” The authors illuminate the program's original as well as its evolving intentions, and the environmental conditions necessary to enact them and to sustain the program over a decade. They also describe the program's core design elements, with a view to how these may be replicated elsewhere. Finally, they look closely at the Partnership's theory of action in action, employing action research data to portray a meeting where professors and teachers discuss the teacher education residency experiment they have collaboratively launched.