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931.
The signaling function of the second-order CS (S2) was manipulated in second-order autoshaping by arranging a partial reinforcement schedule. S2 was paired with a well-conditioned first-order CS (SI) on a continuous reinforcement or a 25% reinforcement schedule in different groups. Schedule of reinforcement did not influence the number of S2-S1 pairings required to establish keypecking to S2. However, in the postacquisition sessions, responding to S2 was initially weaker but persisted for many more sessions on the 25% schedule than on the 100% schedule. The data indicate that S2-S1 pairings are responsible both for the acquisition of second-order keypecking to S2 and for the subsequent conversion of S2 into an inhibitory stimulus. 相似文献
932.
The research described in this article is a case study of a fifth grade teacher's (Melissa) efforts to construct a teaching
and learning environment within her science teaching. Qualitative research methods were used to examine and analyze Melissa's
science teaching practice. Drawing from socio-cultural theories, I argue that her teaching and learning environment was constructed
as a form of mediated action through which she articulated and transformed the context, meaning, and action of her science
teaching. In particular, she forged links between a number of factors, such as historically recognizable forms of pedagogy,
perceptions of her students' socio-economic positions, knowledge of appropriate science teaching, and her experiences in a
preservice teacher education program. Through her pedagogical work, the teaching and learning environment was articulated
into a complex network of meanings, physical spaces, and concrete actions in which each element transformed the other. I suggest
that mediated action is a form of transformation that constitutes context, meaning, and action into a dynamic and constantly-shifting
teaching and learning environment.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
933.
Frederick D. Harper Michael Guilbault Tameka Tucker Twanna Austin 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2007,29(2):123-136
The article examines the construct of happiness within the context of counseling and holistic health (body, mind and spirit).
It discusses happiness as a goal of counseling as reflected in selected counseling theories that focus on humanistic principles,
holistic health, positive psychology, personal growth and the client’s intentional choice-making in life. Moreover, the article
considers within-cultural and cross-cultural implications of happiness, and presents recommendations for counseling professionals
who counsel clients or train future counselors. 相似文献
934.
A continuation of the bibliography published in the Fall 1979 issue of ECU, this article presents an annotated bibliography
of 73 reports of research on the impact of instructional media on attitude formation and change. The author also shares some
general observations about the findings, including procedures most likely and least likely to produce the desired attitudinal
outcomes.
Research for this study was supported by a grant from the Research Institute for Studies in Education, College of Education,
Iowa State University. 相似文献
935.
936.
937.
Michael Ryan Monica Taylor Amanda Barone Leslie Della Pesca Sona Durgana Kelly Ostrowski 《The New Educator》2017,13(2):102-116
ABSTRACTToo often, because of the static nature of schools and the dominant existence of high-stakes testing, professional learning for teachers is determined by administrators or policy and is facilitated by those who are not part of the school community using prepackaged programs. These initiatives run counter to authentic teacher inquiry where teachers enhance their understanding of students and learning and, ideally, develop new teaching practices (Borko, 2004; Cochran-Smith & Lytle, 1999, 2009; Darling-Hammond, 1997). In this article, we focus on how teachers participating in action research begin to position themselves as teacher leaders. 相似文献
938.
Jana Mahlke Martin Schultze Tobias Koch Michael Eid Regina Eckert Felix C. Brodbeck 《Structural equation modeling》2016,23(1):91-110
Multisource feedback instruments are a widely used tool in human resource management. However, comprehensive validation studies remain scarce and there is a lack of statistical models that account appropriately for the complex data structure. Because both peers and subordinates are nested within the target but stem from different populations, the assumption of traditional multilevel structural equation models that the sample on a lower level stems from the same population is violated. We present a multilevel confirmatory factor analysis multitrait–multimethod (ML–CFA–MTMM) model that considers this peculiarity of multisource feedback instruments. The model is applied to 2 scales of the Benchmarks® instrument and it is demonstrated how measures of reliability and of convergent and discriminant validity can be obtained using multilevel structural equation modeling software. We discuss the results as well as some implications and guidelines for the use of the model. 相似文献
939.
Boyle MH 《Child development》2002,73(3):883-892
This study examined the impact of home ownership on the emotional-behavioral problems of children and youth ages 4 to 16 years. Data came from two large-scale general population surveys conducted in the province of Ontario in 1983, the Ontario Child Health Study (N = 3,325) and the National Longitudinal Study of Children and Youth (N = 12,592). Results showed an inverse association between home ownership and ratings of emotional-behavioral problems. The net effects of home ownership expressed in standard units dropped from the .20 to .43 range for teacher and parent ratings to the .07 to .17 range, after controlling for socioeconomic variables. Furthermore, the concentration of home ownership in neighborhoods was not associated with ratings of child problem behavior in either study. Projects aimed at supporting home ownership among low-income families may provide a means for improving the emotional and behavioral functioning of disadvantaged children. 相似文献
940.
Educational technology research and development - Mobile learning, or m-learning, has become an umbrella term for the integration of mobile computing devices within teaching and learning. In the... 相似文献