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101.
102.
Dirk T. Tempelaar Sybrand Schim van der Loeff Wim H. Gijselaers Jan F. H. Nijhuis 《Research in higher education》2011,52(4):395-419
Student achievement motivations are crucial in learning in two ways: as a determinant and an aim of learning. In this study,
we focus on two related questions with regard to achievement motivations: to what extent are they subject-specific, and to
what extent are they malleable? Answers to both questions are especially important when aiming to influence motivations. Malleability
of motivation is studied by designing structural equation models that explain achievement motivation out of the most stable
student characteristics one can think of: gender, and personality traits. Subject matter variability is studied by estimating
these models for five main subject areas in a business program. The motivation construct we use is based on the expectancy-value
model and distinguishes four different facets: cognitive competence, difficulty, task-value and affect. We find evidence for
strong subject-specificity and considerable non-malleability of achievement motivation; part of that last aspect is a remarkably
constant over-confidence gender gap present in the data of the calibration of competency beliefs and performance in all subject
areas. 相似文献
103.
104.
Bart Van Looy Paolo LandoniJulie Callaert Bruno van PottelsbergheEleftherios Sapsalis Koenraad Debackere 《Research Policy》2011,40(4):553-564
The phenomenon of entrepreneurial universities has received considerable attention over the last decades. An entrepreneurial orientation by academia might put regions and nations in an advantageous position in emerging knowledge-intensive fields of economic activity. At the same time, such entrepreneurial orientation requires reconciliation with the scientific missions of academia. Large-scale empirical research on antecedents of the entrepreneurial effectiveness of universities is scarce. This contribution examines the extent to which scientific productivity affect entrepreneurial effectiveness, taking into account the size of universities and the presence of disciplines, as well as the R&D intensity of the regional business environment (BERD). In addition, we assess the occurrence of trade-offs between different transfer mechanisms (contract research, patenting and spin off activity). The data used pertain to 105 European universities. Our findings reveal that scientific productivity is positively associated with entrepreneurial effectiveness. Trade-offs between transfer mechanisms do not reveal themselves; on the contrary, contract research and spin off activities tend to facilitate each other. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed. 相似文献
105.
Lidwien van de WijngaertAuthor Vitae Willem PietersonAuthor Vitae Marije L. TeerlingAuthor Vitae 《International Journal of Information Management》2011,31(5):415-419
Information technology allows national and local governments to satisfy the needs of citizens in a cost effective way. Unfortunately, citizens still tend to prefer traditional, more costly channels, such as the front desk, phone and mail. Through pilot projects government agencies attempt to influence this behavior of citizens, directing them towards the online channel. With this paper we provide insight into the possibility to influence citizens’ behavior in the complex landscape of multi-channel service provision. The paper systematically compares five pilot projects using a framework that is based on organizational and marketing literature. The results show that socio-psychological factors are crucial in multi-channel management, much more than the technology itself. We conclude that citizens can be directed towards the online channel. However, not all projects are successful. Economic and legal instruments tend to sort more direct effects than communication or service instruments. Moreover, organizational factors such as bureaucracy often hinder eventual success. Choosing a smart and relatively small scope and strong project manager may help to evoke success in directing citizen online behavior. 相似文献
106.
Felicitas Kraemer Kees van Overveld Martin Peterson 《Ethics and Information Technology》2011,13(3):251-260
We argue that some algorithms are value-laden, and that two or more persons who accept different value-judgments may have
a rational reason to design such algorithms differently. We exemplify our claim by discussing a set of algorithms used in
medical image analysis: In these algorithms it is often necessary to set certain thresholds for whether e.g. a cell should
count as diseased or not, and the chosen threshold will partly depend on the software designer’s preference between avoiding
false positives and false negatives. This preference ultimately depends on a number of value-judgments. In the last section
of the paper we discuss some general principles for dealing with ethical issues in algorithm-design. 相似文献
107.
Bibliometric mapping of computer and information ethics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Richard Heersmink Jeroen van den Hoven Nees Jan van Eck Jan van den Berg 《Ethics and Information Technology》2011,13(3):241-249
This paper presents the first bibliometric mapping analysis of the field of computer and information ethics (C&IE). It provides
a map of the relations between 400 key terms in the field. This term map can be used to get an overview of concepts and topics
in the field and to identify relations between information and communication technology concepts on the one hand and ethical
concepts on the other hand. To produce the term map, a data set of over thousand articles published in leading journals and
conference proceedings in the C&IE field was constructed. With the help of various computer algorithms, key terms were identified
in the titles and abstracts of the articles and co-occurrence frequencies of these key terms were calculated. Based on the
co-occurrence frequencies, the term map was constructed. This was done using a computer program called VOSviewer. The term
map provides a visual representation of the C&IE field and, more specifically, of the organization of the field around three
main concepts, namely privacy, ethics, and the Internet. 相似文献
108.
We tested three theories (adult attachment, autonomy/relatedness, and gender roles) to understand relationship satisfaction among 150 British and 170 Turkish adults, all involved in romantic relationships. Avoidance, relatedness, autonomy–relatedness, and masculinity mediated the relationship between culture and romantic relationship satisfaction. Additionally, as anticipated, Turkish participants scored lower on relationship satisfaction and autonomy whereas British participants scored lower on avoidance and relatedness. Contrary to expectation, gender role differences (differences between masculinity and femininity) in the United Kingdom were not significantly smaller than in Turkey. It is concluded that adult attachment provides a useful framework for understanding country-level differences. 相似文献
109.
The present study examined changes in multicultural, Muslim and acculturation attitudes in the Dutch military. In 2008 and 2006 two large quantitative surveys were conducted within the Dutch military. The results of the survey in 2006 showed a slightly negative attitude of Dutch Defense employees towards multiculturalism and a strong preference for assimilation in the public context. Interestingly, in 2008 attitudes towards Multiculturalism had become more positive as compared to 2006. Although in 2008 a higher rate of employees preferred the integration strategy, the majority still favored migrants to adopt an assimilation strategy. 相似文献
110.
We assessed how golfers cope with the commonly observed systematic overshoot errors in the perception of the direction between the ball and the hole. Experiments 1 and 2, in which participants were required to rotate a pointer such that it pointed to the center of the hole, showed that errors in perceived direction (in degrees of deviation from the perfect aiming line) are destroyed when the head is constrained to move within a plane perpendicular to the green. Experiment 3 compared the errors in perceived direction and putting errors of novice and skilled players. Unlike the perceived direction, putting accuracy (in degrees of deviation from the perfect aiming line) was not affected by head position. Novices did show a rightward putting error, while skilled players did not. We argue that the skill-related differences in putting accuracy reflect a process of recalibration. Implications for aiming in golf are discussed. 相似文献