不同阅读方式下学前儿童在图画书阅读中对文字的关注

分享阅读被认为可以有效提高儿童的文字意识,因为它可以使儿童获得更多与文字接触的机会。为了验证以上观点,本研究以SMI眼动仪为工具,对71名3~6岁幼儿在自主阅读和分享阅读方式下阅读图画书的特点进行考察。结果发现:分享阅读不能提高学前儿童对文字的关注程度,自读方式则可以增加儿童与文字接触的机会;儿童对文字的关注程度随着年龄班的增长而提高,且在小班与中班之间变化最为明显;阅读方式不影响儿童对主人公的关注程度;分享阅读提高了儿童信息加工的速度,且该效应在小班最明显;儿童对图画书中隐藏细节信息的关注程度随着年龄班的增长而降低。     

Vertrauen im Bildungsverbund

Educational networks constitute a new way of governance, which aims at collaborating on current challenges in the educational system. Such networks are based on the social relationships of their members, whereby trust is of particular relevance. In this article, we focus on this interpersonal trust within an educational network and take a first step towards an empirically grounded theory on dimensions of trust in a multi-organizational coalition. To that end, we analyze semi-structured interviews with a total of 21 actors of an exemplary educational network. The interviews were mainly focused on the interviewees’ network relationships. These relationships were analyzed by means of Grounded Theory using the data analysis software MAXQDA. Our analyses resulted in a theory of five dimensions of trust: (1) individual attitude, (2) time, (3) organizational and issue-specific proximity, (4) power, and (5) multiplexity. These dimensions represent an approximation of a better understanding of trustful relations in educational networks and have to be verified in further – particularly representative – studies for their validity.     

Epilepsy in Children with ASD: An Overview of Evaluation Procedures,Child Characteristics and Treatment Options

The rates of epilepsy among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are higher than that of the general population. The exact prevalence and aetiology of the comorbidity of autism and epilepsy are not well understood; however, the connection is well-documented. This common comorbidity makes the treatment of epilepsy increasingly complex for children with ASD. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the relevant literature for individuals with epilepsy with a particular focus on individuals with both ASD and epilepsy according to the following framework: (a) evaluation procedures, (b) child characteristics and outcomes and (c) treatment options. Thirty articles met specific inclusion criteria. Several treatment options for epilepsy in children with ASD were uncovered, including medications, vagus nerve stimulation and surgery. Still, more research is needed to identify comprehensive treatments that have been empirically proven to be successful for children with ASD.     

Hedonic and utilitarian value: the role of shared responsibility in higher education services

While on-campus student housing availability has been shown to improve retention, the interdependence between students and providers in creating the value of campus living has not been explored. This paper, therefore, draws on theories from marketing and education to investigate the role of shared responsibility in educational service outcomes (perceived utilitarian value, perceived hedonic value, satisfaction, and positive word-of-mouth) in the context of university housing. Analysis using a general linear model shows that all dependent variables increase as students’ sense of shared responsibility increases. These results contribute to the literature by introducing the notion of shared responsibility to the examination of student housing value perceptions. After implications for various stakeholders are discussed, recommendations for future research are given.     

Integrating self-regulation in whole-class reciprocal teaching: A moderator–mediator analysis of incremental effects on fifth graders’ reading comprehension

In this classroom intervention study, reciprocal teaching (RT) of reading strategies was combined with explicit instruction in self-regulated learning (SRL) to promote the reading comprehension of fifth-grade students (N = 306). Twelve intact classes were randomly assigned either to an RT + SRL condition or to an RT condition without explicit instruction in self-regulation. Three additional classes served as a no-treatment comparison group. Strategies instruction was delivered by trained assistants in conventional German language lessons. Students practiced the application of these strategies in small groups. Both at posttest and at maintenance (8 weeks after the intervention), students in the two intervention conditions (RT and RT + SRL) outperformed comparison students in measures of reading comprehension, strategy-related task performance, and self-efficacy for reading. Relative to RT students, students in the RT + SRL condition were better able to maintain training-induced performance gains over the follow-up interval. A moderated mediation analysis revealed that this difference in the sustainability of the two treatments was (a) mediated by the successful mastery of the learned strategies and (b) most evident among students with poor reading fluency skills.     

我国区域创新能力的评价及比较——基于八大经济区的实证研究

从知识创造能力、知识获取能力、企业的创新能力等5个构成要素出发,构建创新能力评价指标体系。首先对八大经济区进行综合评价并对构成要素进行横向比较,然后对其2005—2012年的创新能力进行纵向分析。结果表明,东部和北部沿海的创新能力较其他区域有明显优势,南部沿海、东北地区、长江中游和西南地区分别居于第3—6位,黄河中游和西北地区较落后。近年来东北地区提升较快,而西南地区面临较快下滑。最后就提升各区域创新能力提出建议。     

Facilitating Teachers' Participation in School‐Based Health Promotion—A Qualitative Study

The focus of this article is on examining Norwegian teachers' perception of what factors at the school's organisational level have facilitated their participation in a school‐based health promotion project. The study is based on 12 semistructured interviews with teachers from two of the pilot schools participating in the European Network of Health Promoting Schools. The findings indicate that there are a number of conditions at the organisational level facilitating the implementation process and the teachers' participation in the project. These conditions are common goals, good leadership, sufficient and available resources, competence and cooperation inside the school and with the local community. The results from this study also indicate that working with the Health Promoting Schools Project helped the teachers in fulfilling many of the goals of the new Norwegian National Curriculum (L97), and in the longer term, also contributed to the implementation of the new reform.     

A Seven‐category Interaction Analysis for Infant Teachers to Use Themselves 1

A procedure has been developed in which (a) a teacher records her classroom speech on a carried cassette recorder, (b) subsequently replays the recording and codes each utterance in terms of seven categories and the name of the child or children spoken to, and (c) reflects on her classroom practice as revealed by the coding analysis, using evaluative guidelines.

This procedure has been tested successfully with 11 teachers of infant children, working in informal classrooms.