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91.
Hijazi AM Tavakoli S Slavin-Spenny OM Lumley MA 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2011,33(2):101-112
Acculturative stress is a common experience for international students and is associated with psychological and physical problems.
In a previous study (Tavakoli et al. Journal of Counseling Psychology 56:590-596, 2009), the authors reported that two stress reduction interventions—expressive writing (EW) and assertiveness training (AT)—had
limited overall benefits among international students at an American University. The current analyses of data from that study
investigated whether individual differences moderated the effects of EW and AT. Results indicate that greater acculturative
stress at baseline predicted greater improvement from both interventions. Additionally, women benefited more from AT than
EW, except that EW improved women’s physical symptoms. Men benefited more from EW than AT. Students with limited emotional
awareness and expression tended to benefit from both interventions. Finally, nation of origin cultural differences generally
did not predict outcomes. It is concluded that the benefits of EW and AT can be enhanced by targeting these interventions
to specific subgroups of international students. 相似文献
92.
Olga Alicia Peralta de Mendoza 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1995,10(3):261-272
Picturebook reading is a common form of interaction between parents and young children. This study examined developmental changes and socioeconomic differences in picturebook interactions of motherinfant Argentine dyads. 21 middle and 18 low SES mothers with their 12 to 24 months-old infants interacting with two different books, were observed. It was found that mothers of both SES groups adjusted the level of their demands not only to the task requirements (books) but also to the age of the infant. However, it was also found that the style of the interaction was different depending on the SES of the mother-infant pair. A more demanding and elaborated maternal language along with a linguistically more competent child were found in the middle SES group. 相似文献
93.
Amy Vaughan Van Hecke Jocelyn Lebow Elgiz Bal Damon Lamb Emily Harden Alexis Kramer John Denver Olga Bazhenova Stephen W. Porges 《Child development》2009,80(4):1118-1133
Few studies have examined whether familiarity of partner affects social responses in children with autism. This study investigated heart rate regulation (respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]: The myelinated vagus nerve's regulation of heart rate) and temporal–parietal electroencephalogram (EEG) activity while nineteen 8- to 12-year-old children with autism and 14 controls viewed videos of a familiar and an unfamiliar person reading a story. Children with autism had lower overall RSA levels and exhibited decreased RSA to the unfamiliar person, versus control children. Both groups decreased temporal–parietal EEG activity to the unfamiliar person. Higher RSA was related to higher social skill ratings and fewer problem behaviors. Thus, the social difficulties of children with autism may be characterized by specific mobilization to unfamiliar people. 相似文献
94.
95.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the gender stereotypes endorsed by elementary and high school students regarding mathematics and language. We developed a questionnaire allowing students to rate mathematics and language as either male or female domains and administered it to a sample of 984 elementary and high school French‐speaking Canadian students (Grades 6, 8, and 10). Results showed that, with the exception of Grade 6 boys, students did not believe that mathematics was a male domain, or even conceived of mathematics as a predominantly female domain, suggesting that the traditional stereotype favouring boys in mathematics might have changed over the past few years. Moreover, language was clearly viewed as a female domain. Overall, our findings suggest that boys seem to be in need of encouragement in school, especially regarding language, where the advantage given to girls is particularly salient. 相似文献
96.
Olga Kunina-Habenicht André A. Rupp Oliver Wilhelm 《Studies in Educational Evaluation》2009,35(2-3):64-70
In recent years there has been an increasing international interest in fine-grained diagnostic inferences on multiple skills for formative purposes. A successful provision of such inferences that support meaningful instructional decision-making requires (a) careful diagnostic assessment design coupled with (b) empirical support for the structure of the assessment grounded in multidimensional scaling models. This paper investigates the degree to which multidimensional skills profiles of children can be reliably estimated with confirmatory factor analysis models, which result in continuous skill profiles, and diagnostic classification models, which result in discrete skill profiles. The data come from a newly developed diagnostic assessment of arithmetic skills in elementary school that was specifically designed to tap multiple skills at different levels of definitional grain size. 相似文献
97.
98.
A. Rui Gomes A. Manuela Gonçalves Olga Dias Catarina Morais 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2019,90(1):80-94
Purpose: This study tested two hypotheses relating young athletes’ sports motivations to parental behaviors and cognitive appraisal: (1) young athletes’ motivation in sports is related to their parents’ behavior; and (2) this relationship is mediated by cognitive appraisal, even after controlling for competitive level and sports records. Method: This cross-sectional study included 673 young athletes and it measured the athletes’ perceptions of parental behaviors, cognitive appraisal, and sports motivation. Results: Structural equation modeling confirmed Hypothesis 1–the mother’s behaviors accounted for 15 to 16% of the variance in sports motivation, and the father’s behaviors accounted for 12 to 21% of the variance. The correlation patterns differed according to whether the athletes were evaluating the mother’s or father’s behaviors. Hypothesis 2 also was confirmed, for cognitive appraisal partially mediated the relationship between the perception of parental behaviors and sports motivation (34% of the variance was accounted for by the perception of the mother’s behavior; 30% by the father’s). The mediating model did not vary with competitive level or sports records. Conclusion: Parental behaviors and cognitive appraisal need to be taken into account to understand young athletes’ sports motivations. 相似文献
99.
Shuangshuang Zhang Zihe Li Kun Luo Julong He Yufei Gao Alexander V Soldatov Vicente Benavides Kaiyuan Shi Anmin Nie Bin Zhang Wentao Hu Mengdong Ma Yong Liu Bin Wen Guoying Gao Bing Liu Yang Zhang Yu Shu Dongli Yu Xiang-Feng Zhou Zhisheng Zhao Bo Xu Lei Su Guoqiang Yang Olga P Chernogorova Yongjun Tian 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2022,9(1)
Carbon is one of the most fascinating elements due to its structurally diverse allotropic forms stemming from its bonding varieties (sp, sp2 and sp3). Exploring new forms of carbon has been the eternal theme of scientific research. Herein, we report on amorphous (AM) carbon materials with a high fraction of sp3 bonding recovered from compression of fullerene C60 under high pressure and high temperature, previously unexplored. Analysis of photoluminescence and absorption spectra demonstrates that they are semiconducting with a bandgap range of 1.5–2.2 eV, comparable to that of widely used AM silicon. Comprehensive mechanical tests demonstrate that synthesized AM-III carbon is the hardest and strongest AM material known to date, and can scratch diamond crystal and approach its strength. The produced AM carbon materials combine outstanding mechanical and electronic properties, and may potentially be used in photovoltaic applications that require ultrahigh strength and wear resistance. 相似文献
100.
Juzwiak CR Amancio OM Vitalle MS Pinheiro MM Szejnfeld VL 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(11):1209-1217
In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the body composition and dietary intake of 44 adolescent tennis players. After being divided into two groups (age 10-13 years and age 14-18), the players had their weight, height, and sexual maturation assessed. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess body composition. Food intake was obtained from a non-consecutive 4-day food record. The data were analysed using the Virtual Nutri v.1.0 software and compared with the present recommendations for adolescent athletes or dietary reference intakes. Body mass index and body fat for tennis practice were adequate for 89% and 71% of the tennis players respectively, regardless of age group. A calorie deficit greater than 10% of energy expenditure was observed in 32% of the sample. Fifty percent of the athletes consumed carbohydrates in accordance with recommended values. Protein and lipid intakes were above recommended values, while fibre, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and folic acid intakes were below recommendation for 98%, 80%, 100%, 100%, and 98% of the tennis players respectively. The observed nutritional deficiencies represent an additional barrier for adolescents engaged in competitive sports to achieve an optimum nutrition to maintain growth, health, and performance. 相似文献