El ajuste de medio y programa en los entornos escolares

RESUMEN

Un escenario es un segmento del contexto externo que tiene una estructura: un medio físico y una pauta de conducta (o programa). A la relación que existe entre el medio y el programa se le denomina sinomorfia. Los autores proponen estudiar los entornos escolares como agrupamientos de sinomorfias. A veces medio y programa no están bien conformados entre sí y en este caso deberían cambiar hasta adoptar cierta similaridad. Cómo se produzca este cambio dependerá de la flexibilidad del medio y de las prioridades del programa. Se citan algunos ejemplos de ajustes del medio al programa y del programa al medio en algunas escuelas americanas.     

Grasshoppers — Generalists to specialists?

Insects like the grasshopper have developed different mechanisms to protect themselves from the chemical defenses of plants. During evolution, grasshoppers which showed no preference for a particular food, developed these for plants whose chemical defenses they could tolerate.     

Intellectual systems models of scheduling medicinal processes

A method of formalization and optimization of schedules for medical process is considered. Examples of optimization of medical schedules of ophthalmic hardware aid are given. We propose artificial intelligence methods to improve the quality of patient care.     

Variations in Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) mapping: from the natural language of patron terms to the controlled vocabulary of mapped lists

Objectives: This study compared the mapping of natural language patron terms to the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) across six MeSH interfaces for the MEDLINE database.Methods: Test data were obtained from search requests submitted by patrons to the Library of the Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, over a nine-month period. Search request statements were parsed into separate terms or phrases. Using print sources from the National Library of Medicine, Each parsed patron term was assigned corresponding MeSH terms. Each patron term was entered into each of the selected interfaces to determine how effectively they mapped to MeSH. Data were collected for mapping success, accessibility of MeSH term within mapped list, and total number of MeSH choices within each list.Results: The selected MEDLINE interfaces do not map the same patron term in the same way, nor do they consistently lead to what is considered the appropriate MeSH term.Conclusions: If searchers utilize the MEDLINE database to its fullest potential by mapping to MeSH, the results of the mapping will vary between interfaces. This variance may ultimately impact the search results. These differences should be considered when choosing a MEDLINE interface and when instructing end users.     

Modern approaches to the assessment of information and communication technologies and the main areas of improvement

The need to analyze the cultural factor in the development of information and communication technologies (ICTs) is discussed. An overview is given of the educational aspects of ICT development and the cultural impact of Internet TV. The historical paradigm of ICT development is defined. An analysis is provided of the existing ICT development ratings. An outline is given of the main areas of ICT improvement by strengthening the role of culturological criteria, including the development of Internet TV.