The financial support of forensics

The speech summary is almost universally ascribed to by theorists and teachers of public address. This study attempted to determine the effects of number and placement of speech summaries upon the comprehension of an expository speech. The generally held belief that speech summaries increase audience comprehension was not confirmed.     

The large musical in the small arena

Some of the aesthetic and practical considerations in producing musical comedy in the intimate arena theatre.     

The development and preliminary assessment of a set of video‐taped informative speech models

Guidelines are specified in this article for developing video‐taped informative speech models. Faculty members rated selected video‐taped informative speeches on nine variables and two months later rated nine of the same speeches again. The faculty judges were reliable on their ratings for eight of the nine variables rated during the two sessions. Five of the nine speeches were identified as being representative of one of three significantly different levels of excellence.     

Scale values for highest and lowest levels of credibility

A synthesis of the rhetorical strategies employed by the Nixon campaign indicates that campaign's dominant task was avoidance. The essay examines the implications of that strategy on humanitarian and pragmatic grounds.     

Microfluidics-enabled method to identify modes of Caenorhabditis elegans paralysis in four anthelmintics

The discovery of new drugs is often propelled by the increasing resistance of parasites to existing drugs and the availability of better technology platforms. The area of microfluidics has provided devices for faster screening of compounds, controlled sampling/sorting of whole animals, and automated behavioral pattern recognition. In most microfluidic devices, drug effects on small animals (e.g., Caenorhabditis elegans) are quantified by an end-point, dose response curve representing a single parameter (such as worm velocity or stroke frequency). Here, we present a multi-parameter extraction method to characterize modes of paralysis in C. elegans over an extended time period. A microfluidic device with real-time imaging is used to expose C. elegans to four anthelmintic drugs (i.e., pyrantel, levamisole, tribendimidine, and methyridine). We quantified worm behavior with parameters such as curls per second, types of paralyzation, mode frequency, and number/duration of active/immobilization periods. Each drug was chosen at EC₇₅ where 75% of the worm population is responsive to the drug. At equipotent concentrations, we observed differences in the manner with which worms paralyzed in drug environments. Our study highlights the need for assaying drug effects on small animal models with multiple parameters quantified at regular time points over an extended period to adequately capture the resistance and adaptability in chemical environments.     

An Analytical Study of Sex Differences as They Affect the Program of Physical Education

Abstract

During the eighth decade of the nineteenth century, the American sporting scene was enriched by a series of five fabulous international pedestrian races. Sir John Astley, the English sporting baron, inaugurated the transatlantic six-day and six-night marathon races. These quintuple struggles roused nationalistic pride and sporting blood on two continents, were witnessed by tens of thousands, and resulted in feats of unprecedented human endurance.     

The influence of external concept structures on an individual’s knowledge structures

Educational technology research and development - This experimental investigation considers how the inherent conceptual structure of external representations influences individuals' knowledge...     

Responses of the human spleen to exercise

The human spleen shows a decrease in volume of around 40% early during vigorous exercise and in response to other stressful stimuli such as maximal apnoea and the breathing of hypoxic gas mixtures. Contraction seems an active response, mediated by alpha-adrenergic fibres in the splenic nerve. Given the relatively small size of the human spleen, the effect upon physical performance is likely to be small; the augmentation of total blood volume is <2%, and even taking account of other causes of haemoconcentration during vigorous exercise, the increase of haematocrit is <10%. However, one of two studies suggested that the haemoconcentration may be sufficient to cause errors in the traditional method for calculating exercise-induced changes of plasma volume. The spleen also contributes leucocytes and platelets to the general circulation as part of the “fight or flight” reaction to stressors. The mobilisation of leucocytes proceeds more slowly than that of the red cells; it depends not only upon an active contraction of the spleen, but also a modulation of leucocyte adhesion molecules. Splenectomy impairs exercise performance in horses, but human performance data are lacking; overall health effects seem minimal, and many patients live many years after removal of their spleens.