Effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight/obese women

The purpose of this study was to evaluate two practical interval training protocols on cardiorespiratory fitness, lipids and body composition in overweight/obese women. Thirty women (mean ± SD; weight: 88.1 ± 15.9 kg; BMI: 32.0 ± 6.0 kg · m²) were randomly assigned to ten 1-min high-intensity intervals (90%VO₂ peak, 1 min recovery) or five 2-min high-intensity intervals (80–100% VO₂ peak, 1 min recovery) or control. Peak oxygen uptake (VO₂ peak), peak power output (PPO), body composition and fasting blood lipids were evaluated before and after 3 weeks of training, completed 3 days per week. Results from ANCOVA analyses demonstrated no significant training group differences for any primary variables (P > 0.05). When training groups were collapsed, 1MIN and 2MIN resulted in a significant increase in PPO (?18.9 ± 8.5 watts; P = 0.014) and time to exhaustion (?55.1 ± 16.4 s; P = 0.001); non-significant increase in VO₂ peak (?2.36 ± 1.34 ml · kg^?1 · min^?1; P = 0.185); and a significant decrease in fat mass (FM) (??1.96 ± 0.99 kg; P = 0.011). Short-term interval exercise training may be effective for decreasing FM and improving exercise tolerance in overweight and obese women.     

Features of the Formation of Multi-view Autostereoscopic Image without Vertical Parallax

1.Introduction The reproduction systems of 3D images without using eyeglasses and other special accessories has always attracted attention and aroused great interest of developers and consumers of such equipment because of totally accurate image and method of its presentation.Such systems can be used and are already partially used in advertising,television,different devices (i.e.smartphones,tablet computers),at the exhibitions,etc.,as well as in various technical applications,training systems,simulators,etc.     

真正的天堂

你说的那个地方是不是有金子铺的街道和珍珠做的门? 不, 那是地狱。一个人带着他的狗在路上边走边欣赏风景, 突然, 他想起来自己已经死了。他记得他死了, 而且狗也死了几年了。他不知道这条路会把他们带到哪里。     

Teaching and research: Rapport or mesalliance

In America, the problem has persisted for at least a century: Are teaching and research mutually supportive, or do they tend to detract from one another? The empirical literature (due largely to measurement problems) provides an ambiguous answer, although the more recent studies have produced fairly consistently negative results. Role complementarity may depend on a range of social structural conditions, such as time allocation, whether or not roles are highly specialized, and the values around which roles are organized. In addition, the process of “compensatory selection” may reduce role complementarity as teacher/researchers move through their careers. Data for this study suggest that teaching and research tend to be mutually supportive, especially at schools where research is not emphasized.     

Reassessing the People's Choice: Revisiting a Classic and Excavating Lessons for Research About Media and Voting

This article reassesses The People's Choice by Paul Lazarsfeld, Bernard Berelson, and Hazel Gaudet, one of the foundations of communication and voting behavior research. As with most classics, which are often cited but seldom read, we believe this book has much to teach contemporary social scientists. We return to the original context of the research and use voting data from the period with three broad goals: (a) to find ideas and lessons from this work that generally have been overlooked, (b) to suggest new ways of applying these ideas, and (c) to encourage scholars to engage more with this seminal work to understand ideas that are often overlooked when a complex piece of research is reduced to a brief discussion or passing citation.     

Walter Lippmann’s Ghost: An Interview With Michael Schudson

An esteemed scholar conducts an enlightening examination of the enduring issues of the press as a democratic institution, the professionalization of the journalist, journalism schools, liberalism, and science. This imagined one-on-one conversation with Walter Lippmann is lightly humorous yet offers important insights on the accountability of the government by the press in days gone by and on the accountability of the press to the public in our digital age.     

Modelling quality

This article argues that the increase in the number of teaching and learning centres in universities of technology in recent years is bound up with concerns about the quality of university education. Universities that have set up such centres have been motivated to do so for two main reasons. They are keen to improve the image and the capacity of their teaching faculty. They also hope to attract students at a time when many school leavers prefer immediate, well-paid employment to four or more years of study. There has been outside pressure as well. Governments have demanded that tertiary institutions become more accountable. Governments are insisting that taxpayers get value for their money, especially in the area of teaching and learning. The question asked in this article is whether or not teaching and learning centres should be modelling quality issues as well as teaching and learning issues. Our conclusion is that the centres should be proactive in this matter, providing their institution with both theoretical and practical models of quality management and assurance.     

The development of the ability to recognize the meaning of iconic signs

Early developmental psychologists viewed iconic representation as cognitively less complex than other forms of symbolic thought. It is therefore surprising that iconic signs are not acquired more easily than arbitrary signs by young language learners. One explanation is that children younger than 3 years have difficulty interpreting iconicity. The current study assessed hearing children's ability to interpret the meaning of iconic signs. Sixty-six 2.5- to 5-year-olds who had no previous exposure to signs were required to match iconic signs to pictures of referents. Whereas few of the 2.5-year-olds recognized the meaning of the iconic signs consistently, more than half of the 3.0-year-olds and most of 3.5-year-olds performed above chance. Thus, the ability to recognize the meaning of iconic signs gradually develops during the preschool years. Implications of these findings for sign language development, receptive signed vocabulary tests, and the development of the ability to interpret iconic symbols are discussed.     

Student drug use in Bermuda

Student drug use has been investigated in many countries and a standard method of conducting such surveys is described here. Using an adapted World Health Organization questionnaire patterns of drug use were investigated among the population of secondary school students in Bermuda (N=3,930). The prevalence of use of alcohol and eight illicit drugs is described and related to students’ attitudes, life-styles and demographic characteristics. Factors such as age, sex, race, parental use of alcohol, leisure time activities, allowances and beliefs about drugs all emerge (as they have in other studies) as strongly related to drug use. It is concluded that though these cross cultural similarities exist, there are important sub-cultural differences in drug use patterns which reflect social dynamics and characteristics within communities. It is suggested that a focus on sub-cultural differences may be particularly valuable in future research.