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101.
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva Judit Dobránszki Panagiotis Tsigaris Aceil Al-Khatib 《The Journal of Academic Librarianship》2019,45(6):102071
The issue of “predatory” publishing continues to affect many scholars around the world who publish. When one reads the fairly vast literature surrounding “predatory” publishing, there is an erroneous tendency to continue pivoting around Jeffrey Beall's blacklists of “predatory” open access (OA) journals and publishers. However, to be “predatory” involves much more than defining a handful of select behaviours, and it is becoming increasingly important to start defining, or curtailing, the lexicon to avoid referring to any journal or publisher that might display one of the following qualities (exploitative, deceptive, excessive, unscrupulous, abusive, advantageous, manipulative, profit-seeking, or others) as synonymously meaning “predatory”. This paper focuses mainly on the oft-interchangeable terms “predatory” and “exploitation”, and explores the morality of predatory and exploitative actions by applying a deontological ethics approach which implies that certain actions are wrong even if they achieve good consequences, with the understanding that because a predatory entity aims to exploit others, these actions would be considered morally wrong from a deontologist's perspective. In articulating our argument, we attempt to expand the conversation around this important topic, with the hope that it might bring additional clarity to the issue of what might constitute a “predatory” journal or publisher. 相似文献
102.
In this study, we examined whether adult humans?? tool selections in a stick-and-tube problem might resemble previously published results of crows?? selections if people had more experience solving the problem or were presented with a more ambiguous problem. In Experiments 1a and 1b, when given multiple opportunities to select a stick from a set of 10 to retrieve a candy located either 8 or 16?cm from the opening of a tube, the participants always selected a stick that was long enough to retrieve the candy; however, they did not generally select either the stick whose length matched the object??s distance or the longest stick in the set??two outcomes reported in studies with crows. In Experiment 2, participants who were allowed only a brief period of time to study the problem selected a longer stick than did participants allowed unlimited time to do the same. However, only when the candy??s distance was 16?cm did these people reliably select the longest stick in the set. It seems that increasing, but not decreasing, people??s uncertainty about a problem can make humans?? tool selections more similar to those reported with crows. 相似文献
103.
This article presents a case study on the political thought and citizenship conceptions of children and adolescents. Considering children and adolescents as reflexive citizens and partners in community development processes, it is our purpose to understand the development of political thought, and particularly how children conceive the exercise of citizenship and participation. Participants were 97 children of a primary and middle secondary (basic) school, aged 5 to 14?years, organized into age groups of 12 children each. Focus group discussions were used as participatory research methodology which involves children as active collaborators, a method that appears to be a good alternative to the traditional individual interviews used in previous research. Results point to the existence of a developmental process of political thought that begins before the start of formal schooling, and a parallel evolution of the conception of social organization and the concepts of citizenship and participation. 相似文献
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106.
Vesta T. Silva 《传播与批判/文化研究》2013,10(1):22-40
The discourses of wrongful birth lawsuits can provide important insights into the ways in which genetic models of health and responsibility are manifesting themselves in the twenty-first century. These lawsuits emphasize the concept of individual choice in ways that largely elide a significant narrowing in our understandings of what it means to be healthy. By placing the focus on the individual, the discussions of disability and the lack of social support for those with disability disappears from the conversation, making abortion seem like the only moral, and responsible, choice for families facing the possibility of a disabled child. 相似文献
107.
There is an overall perception of increased interdisciplinarity in science, but this is difficult to confirm quantitatively owing to the lack of adequate methods to evaluate subjective phenomena. This is no different from the difficulties in establishing quantitative relationships in human and social sciences. In this paper we quantified the interdisciplinarity of scientific journals and science fields by using an entropy measurement based on the diversity of the subject categories of journals citing a specific journal. The methodology consisted in building citation networks using the Journal Citation Reports® database, in which the nodes were journals and edges were established based on citations among journals. The overall network for the 11-year period (1999–2009) studied was small-world and followed a power-law with exponential cutoff distribution with regard to the in-strength. Upon visualizing the network topology an overall structure of the various science fields could be inferred, especially their interconnections. We confirmed quantitatively that science fields are becoming increasingly interdisciplinary, with the degree of interdisplinarity (i.e. entropy) correlating strongly with the in-strength of journals and with the impact factor. 相似文献
108.
AbstractThe article describes an experiment in teaching training undertaken in the context of the Masters programme in Teacher Training (for primary school teachers) at the Lisbon College of Education. The training experiment was able to: (1) incorporate mother tongue teaching into the broader curriculum; (2) relate the teaching of texts and the teaching of grammar; and (3) integrate the theoretical and practical dimensions of teacher training. The didactic scheme adopted relies on theoretical assumptions such as the concept of the integrated curriculum, the model of didactic sequence and the principles of socio-discursive interactionism. This training experiment has proved to be particularly useful for all the participants in the process (teachers of the course; trainee teachers; children in the schools; and the form teachers of the classes where the trainees do their practice). As a result of it, there has been a clear improvement in the quality of the teaching provided by our trainees in the domains of writing and grammar. The main advantages of this approach are that: (1) it structures the teaching of writing and grammar; (2) it uses projects to socially contextualize writing tasks; (3) it develops various language skills in an integrated fashion, while at the same time working on different areas of knowledge; and (4) it defines forms of spiral progression. 相似文献
109.
Maykon Renan P. da Silva Flávio Geraldo C. Rocha 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2021,358(3):2161-2177
In this work, in order to model network traffic processes, an efficient multifractal model is proposed based on fewer parameters than other models present in the literature, called 2PEMV. The 2PEMV model (2-Parameter Exponential Modeling for Multipliers’ Variance) is based on a multiplicative cascade in the wavelet domain capable of synthesizing communication network traffic traces which present characteristics such as self-similarity and wide Multifractal Spectrum Width (MSW). For such a purpose, in the 2PEMV model, the energy decay of the wavelet coefficients is captured by means of an exponential modeling for the multipliers’ variance along the cascade scales. The performance of the 2PEMV model to represent the network traffic characteristics is evaluated in comparison to other models present in the literature through simulations that are carried out using real communication network traffic traces. 相似文献
110.
Simonete Pereira Da Silva Gaston Beunen António Prista José Maia 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(1):104-113
Abstract The main purpose of this study was to track the performance and health-related physical fitness of girls from Brazil's Cariri region. In the “Healthy Growth in Cariri Study”, 294 girls from public and private schools were divided into four age cohorts – 8, 10, 12, and 14 years – and followed for three consecutive years, with an assessment every 6 months. Shuttle run, hand grip, standing long jump, trunk lift, curl-up, 12-min run, and fatness were used to rate physical fitness performance and health-related components on each of six occasions. Tracking was done in a stepwise manner, using auto-correlation, by modelling the individual history of change in performance of each girl, and using Foulkes and Davies’ γ-coefficient. SPSS 18.0 and TIMEPATH were used for data analysis. Auto-correlations evidenced low-to-moderate values in almost all components of performance and health-related physical fitness. Intra-individual tracking analysis showed large variation in all fitness components as a result of a wide spread in individual history of change in fitness performance. Population estimates of γ were low in all tests. Our results show low-to-moderate tracking of physical fitness components of girls. A wide range of intra-individual and inter-variability in fitness development was observed. 相似文献