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471.
Active learning is based on self-directed and autonomous teaching methods, whereas passive learning is grounded in instructor taught lectures. An animal physiology course was studied over a two-year period (Year 1, n = 42 students; Year 2, n = 30 students) to determine the effects of student-led seminar (andragogical) and lecture (pedagogical) teaching methods on students' retention of information and performance. For each year of the study, the course was divided into two time periods. The first half was dedicated to instructor-led lectures, followed by a control survey in which the students rated the efficiency of pedagogical learning on a five-point Likert scale from one (strongly disagree) to five (strongly agree). During the second period, students engaged in andragogical learning via peer-led seminars. An experimental survey was then administered to students using the same scale as above to determine students' preferred teaching method. Raw examination scores and survey results from both halves of the course were statistically analyzed by ANOVA with Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test. By the end of the study, student preference for peer-led seminars increased [mean ± SD: (2.47 ± 0.94)/(4.03 ± 1.36), P < 0.04], and examination scores significantly increased [mean ± SD: (73.91% ± 13.18)/(85.77 ± 5.22), P < 0.001]. A majority of students (68.8%) preferred a method that contained peer-led seminars and instructor-led lectures. These results may indicate that integration of active and passive learning into undergraduate courses may have greater benefit in terms of student preference and performance than either method alone. 相似文献
472.
473.
With the net enrollment ratio in primary education in Nepal at 94%, most children are in the school system, but the system
fails to ensure that all enrolled children will continue in school cycle and complete primary education of acceptable quality.
Given the system’s poor internal efficiency, Nepal is not likely to achieve the MDG and EFA goals of universal primary education
by 2015. This article examines the status of universal primary education in Nepal in the light of legal provisions, enrollment
and completion trends, and the quality, and management, of education, including financing. It highlights progress made, issues
encountered, and some key lessons learned during the past decade. It examines the efforts to make primary education inclusive
in terms of social and gender equity. The review of progress toward Education for All underscores that fulfilling the right
to education in terms of adequate quality of services and learning outcomes requires sustained efforts and commitment from
the government and local community in several priority action areas related to policies, achieving quality with equity, and
educational management. 相似文献
474.
Brian M. D'Onofrio Amber L. Singh Anastasia Iliadou Mats Lambe Christina M. Hultman Jenae M. Neiderhiser Niklas Långström Paul Lichtenstein 《Child development》2010,81(1):80-100
The current study, based on all births in Sweden from 1983 to 1991 ( N = 654,707), explored the processes underlying the association between smoking during pregnancy (SDP) and offspring school grades and mathematic proficiency at age 15. The analyses compared relatives who varied in their exposure to SDP and who varied in their genetic relatedness. Although SDP was statistically associated with academic achievement (AA) when comparing unrelated individuals, the results suggest that SDP does not cause poorer academic performance, as full siblings differentially exposed to SDP did not differ in their academic scores. The pattern of results suggests that genetic factors shared by parents and their offspring help explain why offspring exposed to SDP have lower levels of AA. 相似文献
475.
Tarsem Singh Cooner 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2010,41(2):271-286
This paper examines BA Social Work students' experiences of developing their reflective skills to work with diverse communities using a technology‐enhanced blended learning design. In response to growing student numbers, new teaching and learning resources were developed to provide opportunities for students to engage in reflection‐in‐action at critical learning stages with the support of tutors and peers. It is suggested that access to online lectures, communications tools, a workbook (to record learning development) and online video case studies can encourage students to reflect‐on‐action, allowing them opportunities to reframe and reinterpret existing knowledge, values and beliefs to assess the impact these may have on their professional practice when working with diverse communities. To cater for an increase in student numbers, a rationale for the learning design is outlined, and the paper then explores the lessons learnt from the students' technology‐enhanced learning experiences. 相似文献
476.
Virendra Singh 《Resonance》2009,14(5):430-454
Bhabha’s scientific research contributions are descibed in the context of his life and contemporary science. During the Cambridge period (1927–1939), he worked in positron theory (Bhabha scattering), cosmic rays (Bhabha-Heitler theory of cosmic ray showers, prediction of heavier electrons) and meson theory. In Bangalore during 1939–1945, he worked on classical relativistic spinning particles (Bhabha-Corben equations), meson theory and initiated experimental work in cosmic rays in India. He then founded Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in 1945 at Bombay and moved there. Here he started work on relativistic wave equations (Bhabha equations.). He also initiated India’s nuclear energy programme in 1948 and this was his main preoccupation later. 相似文献
477.
Piyali Das A. R. Choudhari A. Dhawan Ramji Singh 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(3):312-315
This study evaluated the extent of oxidative stress by measuring malondialdehyde and ascorbic acid in the seminal plasma of
human subjects with different fertility potential. Semen samples from 148 subjects were evaluated (48 normozoospermics, 34
oligoasthenoteratozoospermics, 34 asthenoteratozoospermics and 32 azoospermics). malondialdehyde level was found to be significantly
higher in the abnormal groups (oligoasthenoterato and asthenoterato-zoospermics) than normozoospermics (P < 0.01). Negative
correlation was also found between malondialdehyde level, sperm concentration, sperm motility and sperm morphology. Level
of ascorbic acid was found to be significantly higher in normozoospermics than other abnormal groups (P < 0.01). It was found
to be correlated positively with all seminogram parameters and negatively with malondialdehyde level. The study revealed that,
excess lipid peroxidation reflected by high malondialdehyde level with reduced ascorbic acid in human seminal plasma is associated
with poor semen quality where as ascorbic acid content has positive correlation with fertility potential. 相似文献
478.
Rachna Agarwal Sangeeta Sharma Neelam Chhillar Kiran Bala Neeraj Singh C. B. Tripathi 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(4):366-369
The present study was conducted to assess correlation of ammonia levels with valproate levels in epileptic patients presenting
with valproate toxicity and also whether liver enzymes and ammonia levels could serve as biochemical marker of valproate toxicity.
100 patients with epilepsy who had received valproate therapy for more than 12 months and had presented with valproate toxicity
and 100 controls were included in the study. The serum valproate, ammonia and liver enzymes were measured in these subjects.
In patients with valproate toxicity, the mean level of serum valproate was 110.91 ± 28.68 mg/dL (therapeutic range 50–100
mg/dL). Serum ammonia was higher (86.37 ± 39.90 μg/dL) in patients with valproate toxicity compared to controls (68.73 ± 30.07
μg/dL). Out of 100 patients, only 37 patients had serum valproate level > 120 mg/dL and 22 patients had raised levels of valproate
as well as ammonia. Age < 30 years and serum ammonia > 69 μg/dL is risk factors for valproate toxicity. Serum ammonia, liver
enzymes should be regularly investigated in patients on valproate therapy for early diagnosis of valproate toxicity. 相似文献
479.
480.
Divya Mahajan Anju Jain Varsha Singh A. K. Jain G. R. K. Rao Gopal Nath 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2008,23(3):243-245
Helicobacter pylori remains a controversial organism with regards to humans, its epidemiology still unclear nearly two decades
after discovery. The present study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of the organism in the gastrointestinal tract
in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects to understand its precise natural history in India. A total of 154 specimens were
a part of the study. These included gastric biopsies from peptic ulcer disease and Non ulcer dyspepsia subjects, as visualized
on endoscopy, saliva and stool samples from apparently normal healthy adults. Nested polymerase chain reaction was performed
using the primers Hp1, Hp2, Hp3 targeting 16S rRNA gene. A prevalence of 65.1%, 100%, 66.7%, and 73.3% respectively was observed
by polymerase chain reaction. No association was observed between the H.pylori status and the disease condition of the patient. 相似文献