Pre-season physiological characteristics of English first and second division soccer players.

This investigation was undertaken in an effort to establish physiological characteristics of soccer players and to relate them to positional roles. A total of 135 footballers (age 24.4 +/- 4.6 years) were assessed for body mass, % body fat, haemoglobin, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), leg power, anaerobic capacity and speed prior to an English league season. The sample included 13 goalkeepers, 22 full-backs, 24 centre-backs, 35 midfield players and 41 forwards. The goalkeepers were significantly heavier (86.1 +/- 5.5 kg; P < 0.01) than all groups except the centre-backs, had significantly higher estimated body fat percentages than centre-backs, forwards, midfield players (P < 0.01) or full-backs (P < 0.05), significantly lower estimated VO2 max values (56.4 +/- 3.9 ml kg-1 min-1; P < 0.01) and were slowest over 60 m (12.71 +/- 0.42 s). The midfield players had the highest predicted VO2 max values (61.4 +/- 3.4 ml kg-1 min-1), this being significantly greater (P < 0.05) than for the centre-backs. The forwards were the fastest group over 60 m (12.19 +/- 0.30 s), being significantly quicker than goalkeepers or centre-backs (P < 0.01) and full-backs (P < 0.05). Anaerobic power, as well as knee extensor torques (corrected for body mass) and extensor-flexor ratios, were similar between groups. No difference in estimated body fat percentage was observed between any of the outfield players, and haemoglobin concentrations were similar among players of all positions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

关于县(市)级广播发展的几点看法

县市级广播发展长期陷入低谷,一直是关注的焦点,本文结合乐清市广播事业改革的经验得失,探讨了当前县市级广播发展的出路问题.     

中学生体育心理障碍的现状及对策

在体育教学中 ,部分学生因自身身体素质差 ,体育基础差 ,心理因素不稳定 ,影响了教学效果和教学质量 ,探讨了如何消除学生的心理障碍 ,使学生在体育课教学中保持积极有信心的心理情绪 ,提高学生的学习动机和兴趣 ,提高完成动作的信心和勇气 ,从而达到提高体育课教学质量的目的。     

John Marshall and the Humanities in Europe: Shifting Patterns of Rockefeller Foundation Support

John Marshall is best remembered asthe first resident director of the RockefellerFoundation's Study and Conference Center atBellagio. Yet, his influence on knowledge,thought, and practice rivalled that of any ofhis contemporaries at the Rockefeller. Thispaper describes how he `went about hisbusiness' as a Foundation officer, and examineshis contribution to the creation of atransatlantic community of like-mindedtheorists and practitioners of communications.     

网络资源评价:评价标准及元数据和CORC系统的应用

本文通过国外一系列网络资源评价标准的调研提出了评价网上资源的三方面标准及若干指标 ,并讨论了评价工作的可操作性问题 ,认为元数据、DC和CORC系统是目前最佳的评价辅助工具。     

A Case Presentation Approach to Group Supervision for Community College Counselors

A case presentation method of group supervision, as practiced at a community college, is described. Developmental principles underlying this approach are presented.