Sources of information on medical geography

Adequate research in the peripheral field of medical geography requires familiarity with the literature of medicine, geography, and other environmentally oriented fields. The pertinent literature of the two primary disciplines, as well as that of anthropology, nutrition, and human bioclimatology, is surveyed from a bibliographical point of view. A brief review of historical sources is presented, followed by a discussion of the contemporary organizations, both international and national, active in the field. Emphasis is placed on the publishing programs and projects, maps, atlases, symposia, reports, and other literature sponsored or stimulated by these organizations. Regional bibliographical surveys for East Africa, India, and the Soviet Union are also noted. Pertinent aspects of bibliographies, indexes, abstracts, library card catalogs and accession lists, and other resources are listed, with emphasis on the various subject headings and other approaches to them. Throughout, the sources of information are approached from a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary viewpoint.     

对当前体育学院教学研究特点及趋势的剖析

本文通过对入选第二届全国体育学院教学研究报告会的60篇论文进行多因素分析,揭示出了当前体育学院教学研究的特点及发展趋势:(一)选题范围广泛;(二)“高科技”的运用较为普遍;(三)多学科的综合研究非常突出;(四)定量化研究引起重视;(五)论文设计严谨,构思巧妙,(六)积极运用新的教学理论。     

Serials standards work: the next frontier

Serials, one of the more complicated areas of library technical endeavors, has lacked the benefit of standards for a long time. Even now, with standards beginning to be available, the majority of institutions are not working within standard serials formats. A survey to determine the use of serials standards in libraries was conducted in 1988 by the American Library Association, Resources and Technical Services Division, Serials Section, Committee to Study Serials Standards. In the spring of 1988 a survey was sent to a group encompassing the Association of Research Libraries members, CONSER participants, United States Newspaper Program participants, Microform Project libraries, and some vendors and librarians who attended the Committee meetings on a regular basis. The survey questionnaire assessed the current level of serials standards awareness of librarians and vendors. Topics included the type of serials systems used, standards relevant to serials control and union listing and whether or not they are implemented, types and levels of training staff received in the application of standards, benefits of the standards, and areas where standards are most needed.     

Physician information seeking: improving relevance through research

Health sciences libraries have considerable potential as resources for both formal continuing professional education, as well as the informal continuing education that results from the professional's efforts to solve problems in daily practice. While there is a growing interest in making the resources of health sciences libraries more accessible to practitioners on a routine, day-to-day basis, there also needs to be more awareness of how, when, where, and why professionals look for information in the context of practical problems. This paper reviews recent research that identifies the context in which physicians seek information and advice from external sources, the information sources that physicians access, and the factors that influence which particular sources are sought. The results indicate that physicians vary in their information needs, preferences, motivations, and strategies for seeking information. This diversity suggests that health sciences libraries, in their efforts to be more accessible, should consider "market research" to determine the needs, preferences, and use patterns of the library's targeted users. Libraries may also benefit from exploring alternative methods of improving access to their resources.     

图书馆信息集群研究

信息集群是在信息共享的基础上提供的一个新理念。它是把各类型图书馆在特定的地域范围按照一定的专业信息集中,按地域组成。构成一个类似生物有机体的信息群落,形成强劲、持续信息竞争优势的服务网络。信息集群是使信息组织精细分工而成为高级、复杂的综合体。信息集成具有程序化、共享化、协调化、范围广、动态性等特点。     

保障档案有效利用的举措

档案利用效益区别其他经济活动效益的独特性质,决定了档案的有效利用程度受到两个方面的影响：一是从档案部门来看,档案利用效益的实际增加;二是从社会利用者来看,档案利用效益明朗度的增加。因为档案利用在很大程度上既受到服务质量和服务方式的推动和促进,同时又不同于生产生活必需品消费,还取决于社会意识和利用者心理因素。因此,保障档案的有效利用,既需要从利用成本控制、利用收益增加和效果提高两个方面思考对策,     

中文自动问答中旬子相似度计算研究

句子相似度计算是自动问答系统的重要理论基础和关键实现技术.目前,用于中文自动问答系统的句子相似度计算方法很多,由于缺乏系统的分析,给研究人员带来了较大的不便.依据所利用的特征信息,可以将这些方法分为四类,即基于关键词信息、基于语义信息、基于句法结构信息以及基于多重信息.通过对各类方法实验结果的比较,指出各自的优势和不足.同时指出,基于多重信息的方法是当前的主流方法,实现不同特征信息的最佳权重分配是该类方法今后的研究重点.另外,还提出一个有关相似度概念认识上的看法,即对于中文自动问答系统,实质上依据的是句子的相关度,而不是句子的相似度.通过本文的研究,旨在为中文自动问答领域的句子相似度计算研究提供一定的参考.