知识经济背景下的日本高等教育特点

二战后,日本的经济遭到毁灭性的打击,几乎濒临崩溃的边缘。但日本在战后短短几十年里一跃而成为世界经济强国,其中日本的教育,特别是高等教育对日本经济的复苏与发展起着举足轻重的作用。随着知识经济时代的到来,日本高等教育对其作了积极的回应,并呈现出一系列的特点。     

The relationship of role expectations to faculty behavior

This study examines sources of influence over 290 faculty members of a large public university. The role expectations a faculty member has for himself and the role expectations of the employing organization both predict positively and significantly the role behaviors of the respondents. The departmental colleagues' expectations predict significantly role behaviors for the research role only. In addition, the degree of person—role conflict a faculty member is exposed to is related to his productivity (research) but not to his satisfaction. The implications of the results are explored for both role theory and for the understanding of faculty behavior.     

基于消息的系统集成基本模式

集成现有分布、异构、自治的信息系统是电子政务和电子商务的关键技术之一。消息机制是信息系统集成的主流技术，基于消息的系统集成有多种模式，按消息的主要用途，可分为消息路由模式、消息变换模式和消息管理模式。这些模式构成了分布式应用集成的基本架构和基本设计模式。对这些模式的抽象有助于应用系统集成解决方案的重用，同时，有助于建立起企业应用集成的一组公用术语，对信息系统集成具有一定的实用价值。     

体育运动对培养创造性人格中非智力因素的作用

创造性人才是历史的需要，创造性人才需要具有创造性的人格，创造性人格中非智力因素对人的创造性的表现和发挥具有重要意义，本文对体育运动在培养创造性人格中的非智力因素方面所具有的重要作用进行了阐述。     

校本科研的尴尬与反思

新一轮基础教育课程改革对教师素质提出了新的要求,教师要适应新课改,必须要在新课程改革的不断推进中获得发展.在这种实践背景下,校本科研成了我国教育界备受关注的问题,校本科研以其多元的性格、实践的取向赢得了广大教育工作者、特别是一线教师的认同,成为教师专业发展的一条重要途径.     

The effect of distributed monitoring exercises and feedback on performance, monitoring accuracy, and self-efficacy

Monitoring one’s own study processes accurately is important in self-regulated learning. This study compared a treatment (N = 45) and comparison class (N = 39) on the effects of monitoring exercises and feedback on calibration and test performance over a 16-week undergraduate course. Path analyses revealed a significant influence of the intervention on class performance, calibration, and self-efficacy. The results suggest the appropriateness of integrating distributed metacognitive exercises in class content and the fundamental role of monitoring ability in performance-based course outcomes and self-efficacy.     

Children with epilepsy in school: Special service usage and assessment practices

Special services usage and related assessment procedures were investigated for 50 students with epilepsy. Fifty‐six percent of students with epilepsy received special education services, with mental retardation designation and self‐contained placement common, especially among individuals with epilepsy plus a coexisting neurological diagnosis. Sixteen percent of participants had an “other health impairment” designation, and several of these were deemed eligible in at least one other special education category. The majority of students who had been evaluated were administered IQ, adaptive behavior, speech/language, and sensorimotor components, whereas few were assessed for executive or memory functions. Little information about antiepileptic drugs, their effects, or the actual manifestation of students' seizures appeared in special services school documents. Additional empirical information regarding services for children with chronic health conditions, such as epilepsy, is necessary to improve school psychologists' practice. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 169–181, 2006.     

变精度粗糙集与基于变精度粗糙集的知识模糊度量

变精度粗糙集是对标准粗糙集理论的一种扩展 .它通过设置阈值参数 β ,放松了标准粗糙集理论对近似边界的严格定义 .文中讨论了变精度粗糙集的置信阈值 β ,通过算例给出了信息系统中基于变精度粗糙集的规则提取方法 ;将变精度粗糙集模型应用于模糊集 ,提出了在变精度粗糙集中知识的一种模糊度量方法 ,对这种方法的一些性质进行了研究 ,并用该模糊度量方法描述了近似算子 .研究表明 ,该方法可合理解释模糊隶属函数 ,清晰说明了隶属度的含义 .     

(Trans)lating Identity: Exploring Discursive Strategies for Navigating the Tensions of Identity Gaps

This study explored the formation and expression of gender identity among 19 self-identified transgender individuals through the use of qualitative, in-depth interviews. Through the lens of the Communication Theory of Identity (CTI), we examined how trans* individuals form and perform gender identity, the tensions produced between identity frames, and the discursive strategies used to navigate those tensions. We identified the manifestation of three specific identity gaps: personal-enacted, personal-relational, and enacted-relational. Furthermore, we discovered four discursive strategies previously recognized for navigating tensions that emerge from identity gaps: closeted enactment, passing, disengagement, and label changing, and we identified a fifth discursive strategy—hyper-engagement—used to navigate these tensions. Results revealed that these identity layers and discursive strategies collaboratively manifest and coalesce in response to specific communicative contexts. Our results are discussed within the resounding call for greater understanding of trans* identity formation and expression.     

Antecedents to psychosocial environments in middle school classrooms in Taiwan

This study investigated gender differences in students' perceptions of their psychosocial environment and related variables. Analyses of data collected from 644 middle school students reveal that there were significant differences in boys' and girls' perceptions, in favor of girls. Ten academic background variables were examined. Multiple regression results identified, in addition to gender, school membership, attendance, time spent doing homework, students' academic expectations, course grade, and course content as significant variables for all students, accounting for 31% of the variance in environment. There were gender-related disparities for the variables involved. While time spent doing homework, students' academic expectations, course grade, and course content had significant effects on both boys and girls' environments, school membership and time spent in watching TV had effects only on girls' perceptions. Educational implications of the findings are also discussed in the article. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.