初中生课外补习城乡差异分析——基于甘肃、湖南和江苏3省的初中学生课外补习调查

面对巨大的升学压力,学生和家长纷纷选择课外补习,使得课外补习在各地蔓延.不同级别城市、来自不同家庭背景、学校教育条件等都会对学生参与课外补习的选择产生影响.本文主要关注省城中学和县城中学的学生在选择课外补习上的差异,深入探讨这些学生参与课外补习与家庭背景的关联性,特别是城乡差别对课外补习的影响.本研究基于对3个不同经济发展水平省份的初中学生课外补习调查.     

支架理论下英语面授和网络自主学习整合有效性的探究

信息技术和外语课堂教学整合的关键是教学设计和教学理念。本文以支架理论为依托,从教学实践出发,探讨了支架理论下的教学模式对于大学英语课程整合的有效性及其对于深化教学改革的指导作用。     

Teacher alienation in Hong Kong

Teachers’ negative emotions began to receive attention in the Hong Kong context in the mid-1990s. As negative emotions may affect both teachers’ well-being and the quality of their teaching, Hong Kong education policy-makers and educators have used psychological approaches to determine the reasons why teachers experience negative feelings. However, these approaches fail to accommodate the social causes of negative emotions. Therefore, this study investigates the possible social causes of teachers’ negative emotions from the perspective of alienation theory. In-depth interviews with 21 teachers in Hong Kong reveal that Hong Kong teachers may be suffering from alienation (characterised by a sense of powerlessness, meaninglessness, isolation, and self-estrangement) due to their experiences of teaching, their employment status, and their structural position in schools, which are related to the occupational and organisational structure of teaching. The findings also indicate that patterns of alienation may differ between more and less experienced teachers.     

Teachers in schools transitioning from one year level to another: what impact does this have on teachers’ professional identity?

This article reports on the results of a study which explored teachers transitioning from one year level to another in primary schools in New Zealand, and in particular the impact of this transition on teachers’ professional identity. While this transition could be considered to be a commonplace occurrence in schools, the lack of literature indicates that it is currently under-researched. Findings from the study indicate that teachers can strengthen their professional identity as they experience positive outcomes in terms of their practice, pedagogy and relationships when they transition from one year level to another. However, attention is drawn to contextual factors which, if not fully understood and addressed, can lead to teachers having negative outcomes from transition. Finally, the important role that school leaders play to help alleviate these negative outcomes and ensure that teachers can successfully transition is also highlighted.     

Microfluidic fabrication of polymeric core-shell microspheres for controlled release applications

We report a facile and robust microfluidic method to fabricate polymeric core-shell microspheres as delivery vehicles for biomedical applications. The characteristics of core-shell microspheres can be precisely and easily tuned by manipulating the microfluidic double emulsion templates. The addition of a shell can significantly improve the versatility as well as functionality of these microspheres as delivery vehicles. We demonstrate that the nature of the shell material plays an important role in the properties of the core-shell delivery vehicles. The release kinetics is significantly influenced by the material of the shell and other characteristics such as the thickness. For example, by adding a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) shell to an alginate core, the encapsulation efficiency is enhanced and undesired leakage of hydrophilic actives is prevented. By contrast, adding an alginate shell to PLGA core can lead to a reduction of the initial release rate, thus extending the release period of hydrophobic actives. Microfluidic fabrication enables the generation of precisely controlled core-shell microspheres with a narrow size distribution, which enables the investigation of the relationship between the release kinetics of these microspheres and their characteristics. The approach of using core-shell particles as delivery vehicles creates new opportunities to customize the release kinetics of active ingredients.     

我国图书馆文献信息服务研究综述

以2000-2011年中国知网数据库收录的有关图书馆文献信息服务的文献为研究对象,从发文量年度分布、研究主题、作者及作者单位、载文期刊等方面进行了统计分析,并对其研究内容、研究热点和研究成果进行了综述。     

从圈羊到放羊：体育专业研究生创新能力培养的范式转向

传统体育专业研究生的培养模式以＂圈羊式＂为其主要特点,外在的培养目标、规范化的课程体系、以控制为导向的教学方法和单一的评价模式是横亘在研究生创新道路上的层层藩篱。而实现从＂圈羊式＂培养模式向＂放羊式＂培养范式的转向,坚持以自组织为核心的、以创新能力的建构生成、课程体系的多元化理解、研究性学习方法和多元尺度评价为特点的新培养范式,则是推倒藩篱,引导研究生创新性不断生成的重要途径。     

Health benefits of Kung Fu: A systematic review

Abstract

The Chinese martial arts (Kung Fu) have existed for centuries and are generally accepted as being beneficial for health without much empirical data. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the health effects of “hard” Kung Fu styles by performing electronic and manual searches of the literature. The aspects of health and the Kung Fu style examined varied between most studies; in some cases, the martial art group consisted of practitioners of other martial art styles also. Of 2103 references identified, only nine papers were eligible and reviewed. All were observational studies, observing a range of health aspects possibly related to Kung Fu training or performance. Our findings suggest that there is no evidence that Kung Fu practice is associated with the prevention or treatment of any health condition. However, as a moderate- to high-intensity form of aerobic exercise, it may confer benefits similar to those attributed to other aerobic training modalities. However, this hypothesis remains to be tested in clinical trials. Physiological benefits (e.g., aerobic capacity and bone density) may be associated with long-term Kung Fu practice. Future research in this area should adopt experimental designs, clearly identifying eligibility criteria, testing and training protocols, and include health-related outcomes and documentation of adverse events, to advance knowledge in this field.     

基于DII检索数据的智能手机Wifi技术专利分析

以Derwent Innovation Index为数据源,通过主题和IP分类号为限定条件,检索全球范围内关于智能手机wifi技术的相关专利,并对结果进行归类、整理,结合定性和定量的分析方法,从而得出该技术的发展趋势、技术路线、技术领先者、发展热点等信息。     

互文性视角下的《红楼梦》翻译中的源语文化重建

互文性对文学文本翻译有着一定的解释力。在后现代文本理论中,《红楼梦》这部文学巨著在跨文本语际翻译中已进入一个开放性的空间,与他者文化相互对话、碰撞。本文从互文性的视角分析了《红楼梦》在跨文本语际翻译过程中的源语文化重建的必要性,及其和译入语文化的关系,突出其日益明显的文本交流性、开放性和全球性。