Drainage after total thyroidectomy or lobectomy for benign thyroidal disorders

Objective: This prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the necessity of drainage after total thyroidectomy or lobectomy for benign thyroidal disorders. Methods: A total of 116 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy or lobectomy for benign thyroidal disorders were randomly allocated to be drained or not. Operative and postoperative outcomes including operating time, postoperative pain assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS), total amount of intramuscular analgesic administration, hospital stay, complications, necessity for re-operation and satisfaction of patients were all assessed. Results: The mean operating time was similar between two groups (the drained and non-drained groups). The mean VAS score was found to be significantly low in the non-drained group patients in postoperative day (POD) 0 and POD 1. The mean amount of intramuscular analgesic requirement was significantly less in the non-drained group. One case of hematoma, two cases of seroma and three cases of transient hypoparathyroidism occurred in the non-drained group, whereas one case of hematoma, two cases of seroma, two cases of wound infections and two cases of transient hypoparathyroidism occurred in the drained group. No patient needed re-operation for any complication. The mean hospital stay was significantly shorter and the satisfaction of patients was superior in the non-drained group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that postoperative complications cannot be prevented by using drains after total thyroidectomy or lobectomy for benign thyroid disorders. Furthermore, the use of drains may increase postoperative pain and the analgesic requirement, and prolong the hospital stay. In the light of these findings, the routine use of drains might not be necessary after thyroid surgery for benign disorders.     

善有善报,恶有恶报

<正>一个女人为家人烤面包并额外拿出一个送给饥饿的路人。她把额外的面包放在窗台上,无论谁都可以拿走。每天当女人向窗台上放面包时,她总是为她出远门寻找财富的儿子做一次祈祷。多少个月了,她一直没有他的消息。她祈祷他平安回家。每天都有一个驼背的人来把面包拿走,     

Using Neural Network to Predict the Interfacial Friction and Flow Stress of Materialsvia Ring Compre

ＵｓｉｎｇＮｅｕｒａｌＮｅｔｗｏｒｋｔｏＰｒｅｄｉｃｔｔｈｅＩｎｔｅｒｆａｃｉａｌＦｒｉｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄＦｌｏｗＳｔｒｅｓｓｏｆＭａｔｅｒｉａｌｓｖｉａＲｉｎｇＣｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎＸｕＷｅｉｌｉａｎｇ（徐卫良）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭｅｃｈａ...     

反季节冬春蔬菜种植农民收益的初步分析——保山市隆阳区潞江坝的实证研究

本文初步对保山市反季节蔬菜进行分析,纵向从蔬菜种子的来源、蔬菜的栽培、蔬菜的收集销售、贮藏和运输这一商品链出发,逐级分析菜农、蔬菜收集人、菜老板的收益分析,从而在整体上揭示菜农在这条商品链上的收益地位;横向同种植其他经济作物,如香烟和甘蔗的收益作对比分析。说明了西部民族山区的广大农户主要收入来源于种植业的现实,农户如何选择种植的经济作物对提高收入有直接的影响,决定农户种植收益除了市场的因素以外各级政府的行政行为则也起到一定的作用。     

排名前10的与预防运动和体育活动猝死相关的关键问题

参加有组织的体育运动和休闲活动存在发生严重伤病甚至死亡的内在风险。虽然造成体育运动或体育活动中猝死的原因有很多,但运动医学和循证标准治疗方面的进展已使临床医生得以更有效地预防、发现和治疗可能致死的伤患。随着研究与技术不断发展进步,当前的治疗标准正在不断发展以更好地改善患者的治疗效果。本文提出了10个与运动和体育活动中猝死的主要原因及其治疗手段有关的关键问题,未来开展的研究将提高运动员和休闲运动爱好者参与运动的安全度。当前证据表明,如采取正确的预防策略或最佳治疗方案,绝大多数的死亡案例是可以避免的。     

在医学中的超声波

新式的、特殊形式的能—超声波,在工业中、运输上、航海中以及在生物学和医学中获得愈来愈广泛的应用。超声波是听不见的声音,人的耳朵可以感受振动频率为每秒20到20000次的声音,而超声波的振动频率比这高得多。昆虫、某些鸟类、蝙蝠和海豚等能够发出这种听不见的声音。狗和猫听得出频率较低的超声波(振动频率在每秒30,000次以下)。蝙蝠能够发出超声波而且能够很好地接     

天灾对发展中国家的影响

比较一下一个发达国家(罗马尼亚)与一个发展中国家(尼加拉瓜)对天灾的社会反应可以看出一些明显差别,使人感到后者容易遭受天灾袭击。发展中国家的人民非常贫困,促使他们有甘冒风险的倾向,容易听天由命,因此他们继续居住在危险地区。