Experimental studies on the head fake in basketball showed that participant’s responses in a pass direction identification task were delayed for incongruent compared to congruent directions of the players gaze and pass (so-called head fake effect). In these studies on the head fake effect, static pictures were presented and responses on the pass direction were given with a simple key press. The present study examines whether an increase in the response complexity affects the head fake effect and whether it can also be transferred to the presentation of dynamic stimuli. In experiment 1, participants were presented with static pictures of a basketball player who passes a ball to the left or to the right. The player’s gaze direction was either oriented in the direction of the intended pass or in the opposite direction (i.?e., a head fake). The participants were asked to respond as quickly as possible to the pass direction and to ignore the gaze direction. Participants gave responses by pressing a key (simple response) or by executing a quasirealistic defense movement (complex response). Response complexity was blocked. In experiment 2, videos replaced the static stimuli. The responses were only given with the complex, full body movement. Results show that the head fake effect is independent of response complexity and that it can also be found when presenting dynamic stimuli. 相似文献
In this article we describe the selection and professional development of a newly appointed teacher educator at the Institute for Teacher Education at a Dutch university. The situation described is, in our view, representative of the Dutch situation in general. A senior teacher educator and a newly appointed teacher educator were interviewed. The first interview presents mainly information on selection, the second interview covers the professional development of the appointed teacher educator. Both interviews indicate the importance of informal aspects. Personal factors of both colleagues and the teacher educator himself have influenced selection and development. We suggest both elements should be elaborated on and formalised. Notwithstanding, the position of a teacher educator in The Netherlands will remain an uncertain one. 相似文献
Die TIMS-Studie war durch ihre Modellierung darauf angelegt, nicht nur ein „Ranking“ der teilnehmenden L?nder zu liefern, sondern auch Erkl?rungsans?tze für unterschiedliche Schulleistungen innerhalb und zwischen verschiedenen Kulturen. Die analytische Aussagekraft der TIMS-Studie ist in Deutschland u.a. besonders stark, weil sich Deutschland — neben Japan und den USA — an der erg?nzenden TIMS-VIDEO-Studie beteiligte. In zuf?llig aus der TIMSS-Stichprobe ausgew?hlten Schulen wurde jeweils eine Mathematikstunde im achten Jahrgang auf Video aufgezeichnet. In einem Teil der deutschen Stichprobe wurden darüber hinaus Zweit-und Drittstunden videographiert. Die videographierten Unterrichtstunden wurden digitalisiert, transkribiert und in einem iterativen Prozess zwischen Induktion und Deduktion je nach Fragestellung kategorisiert und unter Verwendung einer Software zur Analyse von Videomaterialien vercodet. Durch die Verknüpfung unterschiedlicher Datens?tze und insbesondere durch die Einbeziehung der Videos, die über Transkription, Codierung und Rating vielf?ltige interpretative, qualitative wie quantitative Auswertungen zulassen, bietet die TIMS-Studie ungew?hnliche M?glichkeiten für methodenübergreifende Analysen und somit für Triangulation. Die Nutzung quantitativer und qualitativer Auswertungsverfahren für Zusammenhangs-und Kausalanalysen, ist insbesondere durch Verknüpfung von Daten aus standardisierten Tests und Frageb?gen einerseits und qualitativen Kategorisierungen von Ereignissen in den videographierten Unterrichtssequenzen andererseits m?glich. In diesem Beitrag wird dieser Ansatz anhand der Frage. ob der Mathematikunterricht in verschiedenen Kulturen unterschiedliche inhaltliche und kognitive Schwerpunkte ausweist, im Detail verfolgt. Mit der von uns vorgenommenen Methodenkombination k?nnen verschiedene Arten der Triangulation skizziert werden. Neben den additiven Komponenten der Triangulation — die Untersuchung eines bzw. verschiedener Merkmale aus unterschiedlicher Perspektive unter Verwendung qualitativer und quantitativer Methoden — wird hier besonders die Prüfung von Erkl?rungsans?tzen durch die Kombination unterschiedlicher qualitativer und quantitativer Analysen dargestellt. Dabei steht nicht die Best?tigung der Ergebnisse des einen Verfahrens durch die Analysen des anderen Vorgehens im Vordergrund, sondern die wechselseitige Absicherung von Interpretationen durch den Einsatz verschiedener Forschungsdesigns unter Verwendung qualitativer und quantitativer Methoden. 相似文献
Education and Information Technologies - Language learners in higher education increasingly use out-of-class self-directed learning facilitated by mobile technology. In order to make informed... 相似文献
In any country, there is a group of students who are at risk of dropping out of school without any qualifications. This is detrimental for many of those students, because failure to graduate increases risks of unemployment and societal exclusion. To reduce this risk, specialized curricula aim to prepare these students for their working life by fostering the development of a vocational identity, that is, how they define themselves as workers. As a prerequisite to achieving this goal, students need to attend school and feel engaged with school. The curricula seek ways to stimulate emotional school engagement, taking into account the heterogeneous target group of students they serve. To address potential consequences of individual differences, this questionnaire study (N=996) conducted in the Netherlands explored how various individual characteristics of students in these specialized curricula moderated the relationship between emotional school engagement and vocational identity. Results show that stronger school engagement always coincided with a stronger vocational identity; however, the strength of the relationship varied. Stimulating emotional school engagement was specifically important for the subgroups of students who are young, less agreeable, less motivated, and less resilient. In order to foster the vocational identity of their students, the specialized curricula are recommended to draw nuanced conclusions and formulate refined strategies to effectively respond to the heterogeneous group of students who are at risk of dropping out.
In Germany, there exists a traditional gap between kindergarten and primary school. Transition research has led to a new understanding of the need for cooperation between different educational institutions and the family at this time. This article emphasises that educational transitions affect not only the child but also the parents, who actively cope with a family transition. A team from the State Institute of Early Childhood Education and Research (Staatsinstitut für Frühpädagogik) in Munich has formulated developmental tasks for children and their parents during transition, based on interviews with children and parents as well as on the research literature. This approach to transition has informed initiatives at different administrative levels within Germany, as well as a European project for training transition experts in order to support children and their parents to cope with transitions, and enhance collaboration between families and educators in kindergartens and primary schools. 相似文献
This paper investigates the development of teaching practice of the multinational staff delivering UK programmes in a higher education institution in Oman hosting these programmes. It presents a tool to evaluate the teaching practice, and points to those elements of an academic development framework that were found to be most useful in supporting staff in moving towards a student-centred, learning-focused teaching approach. The majority of the lecturers made this shift. We therefore conclude by arguing for long-term CPD aimed at enhancing teaching quality to be part and parcel of a partnership. 相似文献
In basketball, the defender’s reaction to a pass is slower and more error prone if the attacking player gazes into the opposite direction. This so-called head-fake effect might be modulated by context information, that is, the frequency and the sequence of head fakes occurring. Accordingly, the present study investigates the head-fake effect for different frequency proportions (20% vs. 50% vs. 80%). The results show that the head-fake effect decreases when the head fake occurs more often. Furthermore, a potential influence of previous fake experience (i.e., congruency-sequence effect) on the size of the head-fake effect was investigated. Importantly, previous fake experience did not cause the frequency-based modulation of the general size of the head-fake effect. These findings bare important implications for sports practice, especially when it comes to instructing players about the tactical use of deceptive actions. 相似文献