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191.
Maurud, 0. 1976. Reciprocal Compreheasion of Neighbour Languages in Scandinavia. An Investigation of How Well People in Denmark, Norway and Sweden Understand Each Other's Written and Spoken Languages. Scand. J. educ. Res. 20, 49‐72. Soldiers in the three countries were exposed to spoken and written texts in the two other Scandinavian languages and their comprehension was tested by asking them questions about the contents and by asking them to translate certain central words in the texts into their own language. Questions about certain important non‐linguistic factors such as education level, domicile, travels to the other Scandinavian countries, reading in the other Scandinavian languages, exposure to radio and television programs from the other Scandinavian countries, own estimation of other Scandinavian language comprehension and attitudes towards these languages were also included. The answers to these questions were used to throw light on the results of the language test. 相似文献
192.
193.
Roger Säljö 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(3-4):259-271
The relevance of psychological knowledge to education and learning has been recognized for long time. Educational psychology was thus, one of the first subdisciplines of applied psychology to emerge on the academic scene, and most scholars in the area — internationally as well as in the Nordic countries — have had a firm grounding in psychology. For a couple of decades or more during the second half of this century, educational psychology held a central position within education in most of the Nordic countries. Research within this field has been varied and vigorous. However, although psychological theories should be seen as important intellectual resources, it must be recognized that the relationship between a general discipline such as psychology and a particular area such as education is complex. Important problematics inherent in this relationship are illuminated and discussed in the contribution by Säljö on Sweden. It is argued, that recent attempts to develop a cultural psychology, explicitly recognizing the socio‐cultural nature of learning and other psychological processes, promise to pave the way for conceptions of human activities that are relevant to human concerns in general. The second article in this section, on Finland, contrasts with the first by focusing on educational research performed during the last few decades. This article describes trends in the content and methodologies of this research. The developmental orientation has been very strong in Finnish educational psychology during the whole of the post‐war period. Early research was highly influenced by a differential‐psychology approach, whereas later research has adopted social, motivational and cognitive frameworks. This article discuss the influential theoretical trends and developments. 相似文献
194.
Minna Uitto Saara-Leena Kaunisto Leena Syrjälä Eila Estola 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(2):162-176
This article focuses on teacher identity. Based on two small stories told in a peer group by a beginning teacher, we ask: How does a beginning teacher tell about her identity as part of the micropolitical context of school? Theoretically and methodologically, the research is committed to a narrative approach in understanding teacher identity. The material consists of small stories based on videotaped peer group discussions of 11 Finnish teachers. The results of the research illustrate the micropolitical context at the heart of how a beginning teacher's identity is constructed through diverse emotionally significant relationships. Narrative ways of working, such as group discussions, can offer teachers an opportunity to recognize different dimensions of their identity. 相似文献
195.
Päivi Siivonen 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(5):507-525
The article focuses on the social differences of educability constructed in Finnish general upper secondary school adult graduates' narratives on mathematics. Social class, gender, and age intertwine in the narratives that express the adult students' worries about their ability and competence to study and learn mathematics. Social differences of educability are transformed into individual conceptions of ability in an intrusive way that has consequences far beyond the ability to learn mathematics. This concerns such issues as whether one's ability and competence as a student and learner suffice to complete studies at GUSSA1 and pass the matriculation examination, as well as one's chances of succeeding in further studies and working life. The study confirms that mathematics continues to be constructed as a masculine prototype of intelligence. Being “good” at mathematics, moreover, implies having intelligence and innate natural talent. 相似文献
196.
197.
The results of Fast ForWord® training on English decoding-related skills were examined. Finnish fifth-grade students were identified as having reading fluency problems and poor skills in English as a foreign language learned at school and were randomly assigned to either a training group (TRG) or a control group. The TRG (n?=?13) received 50?min of daily computer program-based training for a period of approximately 10 weeks. Students in the first control group (n?=?11) received the school’s regular instructional programme. A second control group was composed of 14 average readers. The students’ English skills were examined in pre-test, post-test and follow-up measurements. The TRG students saw an acceleration in decoding-related skills. The educational implications of the results are discussed. 相似文献
198.
Päivi H. Taskinen Jochen Steimel Linda Gräfe Sebastian Engell Andreas Frey 《Peabody Journal of Education》2013,88(4):477-490
This study examined students’ competencies in engineering education at the university level. First, we developed a competency model in one specific field of engineering: process dynamics and control. Then, the theoretical model was used as a frame to construct test items to measure students’ competencies comprehensively. In the empirical application, the reliability of the test was examined. The results confirmed the applicability of the theory-based test. Also, associations between students’ competencies and individual characteristics were explored. Students who showed higher competencies could be identified based on their individual characteristics, such as participation in self-assessments. Finally, we demonstrated how to apply the standards of theory-based testing to everyday routines at the university and also highlighted some challenging issues to be considered when implementing theory-based testing in practice. This approach could be valuable: Tests based on theoretically sound models allow for appropriate measurement of students’ competencies in higher education. 相似文献
199.
Edith Mägiste 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(33):63-75
ResumenLa presente investigación es una comparación entre dos modelos de educación bilingüe introducidos hace algunos años en el Colegio Alemán de Estocolmo: por un lado, estudiantes con el sueco como primera lengua de instrucción en el primer curso, con tres horas semanales de instrucción en alemán, que se iba incrementando progresivamente en los años posteriores, de manera que en el cuarto curso, el idioma en las clases era en un 50 por 100 alemán y en un 50 por 100 sueco. Por otro lado, estudiantes con tres horas semanales de instrucción en sueco en el primer curso, que aumentaban a cinco horas en los siguientes cursos.Sólo se encontró un bilingüismo balanceado en los estudiantes que siguieron el currículum en alemán. Los estudiantes que siguieron el currículum sueco, mantuvieron el sueco como su idioma claramente dominante y obtuvieron una alta competencia en el alemán como segundo idioma.Estas diferencias se explicaron por el bagaje lingüístico de los alumnos. Puesto que los alumnos que tenían el alemán como primera lengua adquirían sus dos lenguajes tanto en los entornos informales como en el formal, conseguían más input de los entornos naturales. Los estudiantes de idioma sueco en cambio, recibían el input del alemán únicamente en la instrucción formal de la escuela, que no podía compensar la fuerte influencia del idioma del hogar y del país.Además, la presente investigación ha contribuido a corroborar la hipótesis de la edad óptima para el aprendizaje de la segunda lengua. 相似文献
200.