Quick dissection of the segmental bronchi

Knowledge of the three‐dimensional anatomy of the bronchopulmonary segments is essential for respiratory medicine. This report describes a quick guide for dissecting the segmental bronchi in formaldehyde‐fixed human material. All segmental bronchi are easy to dissect, and thus, this exercise will help medical students to better understand the bronchopulmonary segments. Anat Sci Educ 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.     

A simple dissection method for the conduction system of the human heart

A simple dissection guide for the conduction system of the human heart is shown. The atrioventricular (AV) node, AV bundle, and right bundle branch were identified in a formaldehyde‐fixed human heart. The sinu‐atrial (SA) node could not be found, but the region in which SA node was contained was identified using the SA nodal artery. Gross anatomical observation of the conduction system is useful for understanding the structure and function of the heart. Anat Sci Ed 2:78–80, 2009. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists.     

Centre of pressure sway characteristics during static one-legged stance of athletes from different sports

Abstract

The frequency of one-legged stance and two-legged stance differs considerably among sports. We therefore expect the balance ability of athletes from different sports to vary. This study compared the sway characteristics during a static one-legged stance of soccer players, basketball players, swimmers, and non-athletes. The centre of pressure sway during one-legged stance of ten male participants representing each of the four groups was measured using a stabilometer. Centre of pressure sway was assessed by four sway factors: sway velocity, anterior-posterior sway, horizontal sway, and high-frequency sway. None of the four groups of participants showed significant differences in body sway between standing on the dominant leg and standing on the non-dominant leg. The soccer players had more high-frequency sway and less anterior-posterior sway and horizontal sway than the basketball players, swimmers, and non-athletes. These results suggest that soccer players have superior ability to maintain a stable one-legged stance. Further study is required to determine how much of the superior balance ability in soccer players is innate and how much is developed through training, as well as to determine the relationship between balance ability and playing performance.     

Measurement of current flow through the rat under signaled and unsignaled grid-shock conditions

The present experiment was run to test the hypothesis that, when shock was signaled, rats would develop effective coping responses so as to reduce the current flow through them. A 1-sec shock was delivered through a grid floor by a fixed impedance ac shock source. The current-flow measure was taken over the last 30 of 90 trials given over 3 days and indexed by “gross skin conductance” or GSC (shock). The rat under the signaled shock condition (n=15) showed higher GSC (shock) than did the rats under the unsignaled shock condition (n=14). Thus, the result contradicted the hypothesis. There was no indication that the rats developed any preparatory response during the 5-sec signal, in terms of either GSC (signal) or posture. The results were discussed with reference to the preparatory-response hypothesis and various other possibilities.     

Using Instructional Activities Game to promote mathematics teachers＇ innovative instruction

NIER （National Institute of Educational Research, 2004） survey revealed that the most common attitude of Japanese high school students to mathematics is that ＂it is not useful in daily life but must be learnt for entrance examinations＂. It was also clarified that only 3.2 percent of mathematics teachers use computers in their classes. Therefore, a training system to improve teachers＇ professional competence through the design of lessons which will improve students＇ ability to solve problems in daily life was developed using ICT （Information and Communication Technology） in conjunction with mathematical thinking processes. The lAG （Instructional Activities Game） system developed by Matsuda （2004） was used to provide a platform for the execution of several game boards, which were designed to achieve different objectives for different conditions of teaching. Herein, the design of the STG （Simulate Teaching Game） game board and data sets of teaching materials and menu items for lesson plans are described, together with the means of elaborating the lAG system if new functions are required.     

Dielectrophoretic cell trapping and parallel one-to-one fusion based on field constriction created by a micro-orifice array

Micro-orifice based cell fusion assures high-yield fusion without compromising the cell viability. This paper examines feasibility of a dielectrophoresis (DEP) assisted cell trapping method for parallel fusion with a micro-orifice array. The goal is to create viable fusants for studying postfusion cell behavior. We fabricated a microfluidic chip that contained a chamber and partition. The partition divided the chamber into two compartments and it had a number of embedded micro-orifices. The voltage applied to the electrodes located at each compartment generated an electric field distribution concentrating in micro-orifices. Cells introduced into each compartment moved toward the micro-orifice array by manipulation of hydrostatic pressure. DEP assisted trapping was used to keep the cells in micro-orifice and to establish cell to cell contact through orifice. By applying a pulse, cell fusion was initiated to form a neck between cells. The neck passing through the orifice resulted in immobilization of the fused cell pair at micro-orifice. After washing away the unfused cells, the chip was loaded to a microscope with stage top incubator for time lapse imaging of the selected fusants. The viable fusants were successfully generated by fusion of mouse fibroblast cells (L929). Time lapse observation of the fusants showed that fused cell pairs escaping from micro-orifice became one tetraploid cell. The generated tetraploid cells divided into three daughter cells. The fusants generated with a smaller micro-orifice (diameter∼2 μm) were kept immobilized at micro-orifice until cell division phase. After observation of two synchronized cell divisions, the fusant divided into four daughter cells. We conclude that the presented method of cell pairing and fusion is suitable for high-yield generation of viable fusants and furthermore, subsequent study of postfusion phenomena.     

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从多角度阐述创造宁静、优美、舒适的图书馆外部空间环境的方法 ,从而提高图书馆的使用功能和文化品味 ,使读者置身于多姿多态的自然与人文景象中。     

In practice: The business of doing good: A creative collaboration

Matt Matsuda and David Williams report on a successful collaboration between academic and student services that resulted in a Rutgers University Byrne Seminar on social entrepreneurship.     

方程N‘(t)=r(t)N(t)(1-N(g(t)))α的正解的渐近性

研究时滞Logistic方程N'(t)=r(t)N(t)(1-N(g(t)))α的正解的渐近性,证明了在∫0+∞r(t)dt=+∞,且∫tg(t)r(s)ds≤δ(α/α-1)α-1时方程的每一正解趋于1.     

浅谈规范体育技能教学对于构建中华民族良好形象和提高国民素质的重要意义

学校教育在任何民族发展的历程中都起着基石作用,这种作用蕴含着民族发展潜能,决定民族的整体素质和发展方向,因此学校教育要规范。学校体育是学校教育不可或缺的组成部分,更需要规范。体育教学是学校体育的重要组成部分。体育教学的核心是技能教学,它既是完成其他目标的载体,又是实现学生身体健康的重要手段,更是形成规范的体育技能的保障。学生掌握技能的规范程度,不仅为自身体育锻炼打基础,更重要的是代表国家规范标准和形象。这两方面都是中华民族未来发展的需要。