自闭症谱系障碍儿童早期脑结构发育异常及其神经机制

自闭症谱系障碍是儿童发育早期出现的一种神经发展性疾病。近年来,基于婴幼儿同胞研究范式的脑神经科学研究发现,自闭症儿童发育早期会出现皮层表面积加速增大、脑脊液异常增加和脑白质结构异常,这些发现有助于追踪自闭症儿童大脑和核心行为症状的发育轨迹,预测自闭症早期的发生和后期的发展趋势。本文对自闭症儿童早期脑结构发育异常及其神经机制的研究进行了系统梳理,以期深入理解自闭症的发病机制,助益于自闭症的早期筛查、靶向干预和有效康复。     

中国妇女史:从研究走向学科化

回顾20中国妇女史发展的历程，面对新世纪女女学蓬勃发展的全球景观，如何在本土化与学科化的双重努力中实现自己的目标？本文认为，20世纪初中国妇女史研究的兴起是在现代化的社会和学术语境下展开的，80年代中期开始了妇女学背景下的史学关注；90年代初期引入了社会性别（gender)重要的分析范畴，同时，妇女学的全球视野更要求研究者从普遍认为有效的理念框架，基本概念，研究方法中主动选择并运用于本土研究，面对这一趋势和史学遗产，妇女史学者在继承，借鉴，创新以建立本土妇女史学科中，应尽快突破理论和研究方法上的多重困惑和挑战，开展妇女－社会性别史的研究和教学活动，以进入主流史学并纳入教育主流。     

我国当前外国教育史研究近况考察——对近六年《教育史研究》相关论文的量化分析

以我国（教育史研究）杂志近六年刊发的外国教育史类论文为研究对象，就这些论文的数量、选题分布状况、刊载论文作者单位和地区分布、论文合撰程度、引文文献情况以及研究方法等进行分项统计，展示了我国当前外国教育史研究的焦点和热点问题，并从这一角度探讨了我国外国教育史学科近六年发展的基本动向。     

Item Selection in Computerized Adaptive Testing: Should More Discriminating Items be Used First?

During computerized adaptive testing (CAT), items are selected continuously according to the test-taker's estimated ability. The traditional method of attaining the highest efficiency in ability estimation is to select items of maximum Fisher information at the currently estimated ability. Test security has become a problem because high-discrimination items are more likely to be selected and become overexposed. So, there seems to be a tradeoff between high efficiency in ability estimations and balanced usage of items. This series of four studies with simulated data addressed the dilemma by focusing on the notion of whether more or less discriminating items should be used first in CAT. The first study demonstrated that the common maximum information method with Sympson and Hetter (1985) control resulted in the use of more discriminating items first. The remaining studies showed that using items in the reverse order (i.e., less discriminating items first), as described in Chang and Ying's (1999) stratified method had potential advantages: (a) a more balanced item usage and (b) a relatively stable resultant item pool structure with easy and inexpensive management. This stratified method may have ability-estimation efficiency better than or close to that of other methods, particularly for operational item pools when retired items cannot be totally replenished with similar highly discriminating items. It is argued that the judicious selection of items, as in the stratified method, is a more active control of item exposure, which can successfully even out the usage of all items.     

学生课余体育锻炼应注意的几个问题

学生课余体育锻炼是学生体育课学习锻炼之外的自主学习行为,没有体育教师的参与和指导,锻炼活动还不够科学系统,锻炼环境、体育器材保障、医务救护监督等各方面条件也有所限制。本文就学生在课余体育锻炼如何做到科学合理,从而保证锻炼顺利进行并取得良好的锻炼效果做了探讨。     

解放战争时期国民党在东北失败原因补论

东北是解放战争时期中共最重要的战略根据地，也是国民党最早遭到军事失败的地区，而且，国民党在东北地区的失败引发了其在整个陆的崩溃，国民党在东北的众所周知，其原因除了国际因素-苏联的影响外，国民党自身在政治战略，军事战略，战役指挥，战术指导等方面也犯怔一系列的错误，由此也说明了国民党失败的必然性。     

碎裂QRS波联合TIMI危险评分预测急性心肌梗死患者的短期预后（英文）

目的:探讨碎裂QRS波(fQRS)联合心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验(TIMI)危险评分对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者短期预后的评估价值。创新点:TIMI危险评分常用于AMI患者入院即刻的风险评估,TIMI评分4分的患者被评定为中危组。本研究发现,无论TIMI评分如何,出现fQRS而未行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的患者,其死亡率均显著升高。fQRS联合TIMI危险评分更利于AMI患者的预后评估,TIMI评分4分但同时合并fQRS的患者,可以从早期PCI介入治疗获益。方法:回顾300例AMI患者的临床资料及院内诊治经过,记录分析患者fQRS出现的时间、部位及其他临床转归,评价fQRS联合TIMI危险评分与患者临床预后的关系。结论:(1)fQRS联合TIMI危险评分可提高恶性心律失常、左室收缩功能不全(LVSD)和死亡预测的敏感度和特异度;(2)fQRS阳性的AMI患者,进行早期血运重建可降低患者心血管事件发生率,fQRS可能作为TIMI评分4分患者早期介入治疗的指征。     

谁在网络教育中唱主角

本文提出了教师和学生为适应网络教育环境所应具有的新素质,并因此实现师生主次地位的互换,使学生成为网络环境中的主角。     

梁启超“开明专制”思想评析

通过对梁启超“开明专制”思想的评析 ,指出这一思想是他政治渐进主义的体现。同时指出 ,他这一思想深受达尔文式的社会观和国家集体主义的影响。“开明专制”是梁启超主张实现立宪政体的过渡形式 ,尽管包含了合理成分 ,但终究表明梁启超并没有摆脱其资产阶级启蒙思想家的时代局限。     

Faculty Student Interaction at the Community College: A Focus on Students of Color

The present study describes the level of faculty--student interaction on 2-year college campuses, examines student characteristics correlated with faculty contact, and considers how interaction may differ among racial subgroups of students. Using data collected from the Transfer and Retention of Urban Community College Students (TRUCCS) survey, a sample of 2500 students informed this research. The findings reveal generally low levels of interaction, and especially with Asian American/Pacific Islander and Latino students. Having positive perceptions of the college environment and interacting with other members of the institution, from students to academic counselors, glow the strongest positive association with faculty contact among all racial subgroups of students. Prominent among the differences is the negative relationship between perceiving racial difficulties and interacting with faculty for Asian American/Pacific Islander students. The findings provide insight in how to increase and enrich faculty interaction on these campuses to better retain underrepresented students in the educational pipeline.