辅助生殖队列建设在生殖医学研究中的作用

生殖健康事关国计民生。“提高生殖健康水平,改善出生人口素质”,是我国人口健康核心战略。随着我国经济社会快速发展,环境污染和食品安全问题增加,产生大量生殖健康问题。不孕不育已经成为仅次于肿瘤和心血管疾病的第三大疾病,给家庭和社会带来了巨大的负担,阐明不孕不育相关疾病的分子机制并依此提出切实可行的防治对策,有效降低出生缺陷的发生率,是生殖健康与遗传领域亟待研究的课题,也是我国经济与社会发展的重大需求。随着辅助生殖技术的飞速发展,通过该技术出生的婴儿数量逐年上升,然而,与自然出生的婴儿相比,其安全性及伴随而来的子代健康问题亟待评估。本文主要总结分析我国辅助生殖队列建设的必要性和重大意义。     

小学综合实践活动课实施现状调查分析——以沈阳市S学校为例

综合实践活动课程是基础教育课程体系中重要的组成部分,发挥着独特的育人作用,小学综合实践活动课程的有效实施促进了学生综合素质的发展。笔者通过对S学校综合实践活动课的实施进行走访调查分析,发现S学校综合实践活动课的实施存在对课程本质认识不清、课时不足、教师缺乏专业性、课程内容不符合学生发展需要等方面的问题,影响了S学校综合实践活动课的实施效果。笔者依据《指导纲要》的要求提出了相关的改进意见,希望能促进S学校综合实践活动课程的有效实施。     

“通信原理”实验课程的改进与探索

通信原理课程的实验教学环节是课程的重要组成部分,合理改进和设计实验课程,是加深学生对课程的理解和提高学生能力的必要手段。本文就当前通信原理实验课程存在的问题和改进方法进行探讨分析,并在教学中加以运用,取得了较好的效果。     

Simman模拟人在心肺复苏临床技能教学中的调查研究

目的:探讨Simman模拟人在心肺复苏技能教学中的应用效果。方法:60名临床医学专业学生参加CPR操作培训,实际操作练习,并对所有学生进行匿名问卷调查,分析Simman模拟人系统在心肺复苏技能教学中的应用效果。结果:90%以上的学生认为Simman模拟人模拟真实,重复性强,89%的学生认为Simman模拟人能充分调动学习积极性,88%的学生认为Simman模拟人操作性强,非常认同Simman模拟人出科考核模式。95%的学生认为Simman模拟人能够全面考核学生的临床思维,91%的学生认为Simman模拟人能够进一步巩固和提高学生的理论知识。结论:Simman模拟人系统在心肺复苏技能实践教学中能明显提高临床技能教学的质量。     

翻转课堂中语文导读艺术探析

导读艺术是我国语文阅读教育中不可或缺的教学艺术,充分体现了以教师为主导和以学生为本的教育理念。在传统课堂教学中有效使用语文导读艺术面临许多困难,翻转课堂作为一种新的教学模式,为语文导读艺术的有效运用带来了新的机遇。因此,教师应采取有效的策略运用翻转课堂中的语文导读艺术,如制作课前视频、引导学生自读,设计阅读任务、提高学生自读效率,课上补充内容、推动探究学习,设计探究问题、引发思维开拓等。     

核心素养视域下学前教育专业舞蹈课程教学方式的转变

核心素养作为新时期各教育阶段改革的风向标,引领各学科课程改革迈入了新的征程,本文从“学生核心素养”出发,探析学前教育专业舞蹈教育与学生核心素养之间的关系,并从发展与培育学生核心素养的角度反思学前教育专业舞蹈课程教学方式固有的问题,进而提出转变舞蹈教学方式的思路:(1)以学生为中心,从“教师教”变成“学生学”;(2)注重学生综合能力的培养,合理兼顾学前教育专业舞蹈人才的特性;(3)适度把握传统讲授法,注重教学过程,开展多途径混合式教学。     

Development of a space cold atom clock

Atomic clocks with cold atoms play important roles in the field of fundamental physics as well as primary frequency standards. Operating such cold atom clocks in space paves the way for further exploration in fundamental physics, for example dark matter and general relativity. We developed a space cold atom clock (SCAC), which was launched into orbit with the Space Lab TG-2 in 2016. Before it deorbited with TG-2 in 2019, the SCAC had been working continuously for almost 3 years. During the period in orbit, many scientific experiments and engineering tests were performed. In this article, we summarize the principle, development and in-orbit results. These works provide the basis for construction of a space-borne time-frequency system in deep space.     

Ultrabithorax is a key regulator for the dimorphism of wings,a main cause for the outbreak of planthoppers in rice

Rice planthoppers, the most devastating rice pests, occur in two wing forms: the short-wing form for rapid population growth and long-wing form for long-distance migration, which together create the mechanism for outbreak. Here we show that Ultrabithorax (Ubx) is a key regulator for switching between the long- and short-wing forms of rice planthoppers. Ubx is expressed in both forewing and hindwing pads, which is different from the canonical model of Ubx expression. In brown planthoppers, expression of Ubx (NlUbx) is regulated by nutritional status of the rice host. High-quality young plants induce NlUbx expression leading to the short-wing form; low-quality ripe plants reduce NlUbx expression resulting in long-wing form. We also showed that NlUbx is regulated by the insulin receptors NlInR1 and NlInR2. The default expression of NlInR1 inhibits NlUbx resulting in long-wings, while high-quality hosts induce NlInR2 expression, which represses NlInR1 thus promoting NlUbx expression to produce short-wings.     

Surface superconductivity in the type II Weyl semimetal TaIrTe4

The search for unconventional superconductivity in Weyl semimetal materials is currently an exciting pursuit, since such superconducting phases could potentially be topologically non-trivial and host exotic Majorana modes. The layered material TaIrTe₄ is a newly predicted time-reversal invariant type II Weyl semimetal with the minimum number of Weyl points. Here, we report the discovery of surface superconductivity in Weyl semimetal TaIrTe₄. Our scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) visualizes Fermi arc surface states of TaIrTe₄ that are consistent with the previous angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy results. By a systematic study based on STS at ultralow temperature, we observe uniform superconducting gaps on the sample surface. The superconductivity is further confirmed by electrical transport measurements at ultralow temperature, with an onset transition temperature (T_c) up to 1.54 K being observed. The normalized upper critical field h*(T/T_c) behavior and the stability of the superconductivity against the ferromagnet indicate that the discovered superconductivity is unconventional with the p-wave pairing. The systematic STS, and thickness- and angular-dependent transport measurements reveal that the detected superconductivity is quasi-1D and occurs in the surface states. The discovery of the surface superconductivity in TaIrTe₄ provides a new novel platform to explore topological superconductivity and Majorana modes.     

Convergent genomic signatures of high-altitude adaptation among domestic mammals

Abundant and diverse domestic mammals living on the Tibetan Plateau provide useful materials for investigating adaptive evolution and genetic convergence. Here, we used 327 genomes from horses, sheep, goats, cattle, pigs and dogs living at both high and low altitudes, including 73 genomes generated for this study, to disentangle the genetic mechanisms underlying local adaptation of domestic mammals. Although molecular convergence is comparatively rare at the DNA sequence level, we found convergent signature of positive selection at the gene level, particularly the EPAS1 gene in these Tibetan domestic mammals. We also reported a potential function in response to hypoxia for the gene C10orf67, which underwent positive selection in three of the domestic mammals. Our data provide an insight into adaptive evolution of high-altitude domestic mammals, and should facilitate the search for additional novel genes involved in the hypoxia response pathway.