论当前我国公立大学的乌托邦属性——仅限于制度假定的一个视觉探讨

我国公立大学是一个类似于“人民公社”的、以自觉劳动为基本原则、以集体生活为基本特征、以精神激励为主要手段的产业组织。在这样的组织之中,管理制度充满了理想化的色彩,责任虚置,问责机制缺失,导致高投入低绩效现象普遍存在。削减乌托邦属性的办法是从制度上构筑起丝丝紧扣的责任追究链条,以及对每一位成员“经济人”特性的机会主义倾向的严格制约。     

In vitro assessment of gastrointestinal viability of two photosynthetic bacteria, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhodopseudomonas palustris</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhodobacter sphaeroides</Emphasis>

The objectives of this study were to assess the potential of two photosynthetic bacteria （PSB）, Rhodopseudomonas palustris HZ0301 and Rhodobacter sphaeroides HZ0302, as probiotics in aquaculture. The viability of HZ0301 and HZ0302 in simulated gastric transit conditions （pH 2.0, pH 3.0 and pH 4.0 gastric juices） and in simulated small intestinal transit conditions （pH 8.0, with or without 0.3% bile salts） was tested. The effects of HZ0301 and HZ0302 on the viability and permeability of intestinal epithelial cell in primary culture of tilapias, Oreochrornis nilotica, were also detected. All the treatments were deter- mined with three replicates. The simulated gastric transit tolerance of HZ0301 and HZ0302 strains was pH-dependent and correspondingly showed lower viability at pH 2.0 after 180 min compared with pH 3.0 and pH 4.0. Both HZ0301 and HZ0302 were tolerant to simulated small intestine transit with or without bile salts in our research. Moreover, there was no significant difference （P〉0.05） among three treatments including the control and the groups treated with HZ0301 or HZ0302 both in intestinal epithelial cell viability and membrane permeability, showing no cell damage. In summary, this study demonstrated that HZ0301 and HZ0302 had high capacity of upper gastrointestinal transit tolerance and were relatively safe for intestinal epithelial cells of tilapias.     

Cell therapy in congestive heart failure

Congestive heart failure （CHF） has emerged as a major worldwide epidemic and its main causes seem to be the aging of the population and the survival of patients with post-myocardial infarction. Cardiomyocyte dropout （necrosis and apoptosis） plays a critical role in the progress of CHF; thus treatment of CHF by exogenous cell implantation will be a promising medical approach. In the acute phase of cardiac damage cardiac stem cells （CSCs） within the heart divide symmetrically and/or asymmetrically in response to the change of heart homeostasis, and at the same time homing of bone marrow stem cells （BMCs） to injured area is thought to occur, which not only reconstitutes CSC population to normal levels but also repairs the heart by differentiation into cardiac tissue. So far, basic studies by using potential sources such as BMCs and CSCs to treat animat CHF have shown improved ventricular remodelling and heart function. Recently, however, a few of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials demonstrated mixed results in heart failure with BMC therapy during acute myocardial infarction.     

南北朝隋唐时期画家的创作心态与文化支持

南北朝隋唐时期的绘画理论,对冠绝当代、后世宗承的画家及其创作多有评述,这为探视古代画家的创作心态提供了有利的依据。古代画家"守其神,专其一"的心态修持,是儒释道文化集中影响的结果。魏晋南北朝及隋唐时期,古代画家在儒释道文化相互融合的环境下,广泛汲取儒释道文化中有关心态修持的思想成果,从而为绘画心态的修持以及理想境界的探索提供了丰富的途径和方法。     

我国"世界一流大学建设"的高等教育政策评价

为使我国有若干所大学进入世界一流大学的行列,我国政府和大学正在向着这一目标进发,制定了许多政策,采取了许多行动.笔者试图就我国"建设世界一流大学"这一高等教育政策进行评价.     

四川省民生建设的历史考察及经验启示

自解放至1978年期间,中共四川省委领导全省民生建设取得过巨大的成就,也有过沉痛的曲折,留下了深刻教训;十一届三中全会后,四川省委领导的民生建设飞速发展,成效显著。正反两个方面的经验教训在思想认识、政策路线、建设方法、具体举措和基本原则上启示着四川当前的民生建设。     

概念卡通：消减儿童科学概念的理解偏差

儿童在学习科学概念的过程中常常会出现三种理解偏差倾向：概念的完全曲解、概念混淆、概念窄化或概念泛化。其影响因素与学生认知发展规律、先前知识储备、学习材料、组织方式及教学情境等有关,但最核心影响因素是日常概念与教学情境。概念卡通依据儿童认知思维发展特点,结合日常生活经验与教学内容,将日常概念与科学概念的典型变式以直观、生...     

女童关系攻击行为及其干预

攻击行为因其伤害性和破坏性受到人们的关注.传统意义上,人们普遍认为攻击行为是一种专属男性的行为,随着攻击研究的深入,人们发现女孩的攻击行为有着与男性不同的表现形式,与身体攻击相比,女孩更偏爱关系攻击.文章从关系攻击行为的表现形式、影响因素及其干预措施三个方面,探讨了女童攻击行为,以促进幼儿的健康发展.     

科学活动中如何指导幼儿进行有效记录

教师在指导幼儿进行有效记录时,首先要正确认识科学活动记录,然后根据活动类型和内容需要来确定是否记录.根据活动目标、进程和幼儿的发展需要确定记录时机,根据幼儿发展情况提供不同的记录工具和材料,根据幼儿的思维特点提出记录要求.根据活动内容和幼儿特点选择恰当的记录方式和组织形式.还应注意组织幼儿对记录过程和结果进行讨论、分享和总结,以充分发挥记录对于幼儿发展的价值.