工程服务中心:构建工程创新实践教育的支撑体系——上海交通大学国家双创示范基地案例分析

在高等工程教育中学生自主实践创新教学活动极为重要,而当前高校普遍缺乏创新支撑服务平台及灵活的实践服务模式,学生在自主开展实践教学活动时常常需耗费大量的时间和成本去完成创新项目所需资源的准备;一轮轮的教学实践环境建设,由于多围绕课程、学科的培养体系投入,造成设备利用率低,与学生强烈的创新实践需求形成尖锐矛盾。本文基于当前国家双创示范基地中学生创新中心建设,创造性提出以工具借出、设备借用、远程加工、设计IP撮合等为特点的特色服务模式,持续大量地为学生提供基本器具资源使用和加工服务。围绕学生需求提供"创新实践图书馆"式的服务,为学生创造创新实践的服务环境。本文就设备借出、3D打印等具体工程服务分中心建设的内容、目标和服务模式,阐述了这类创新实践服务中心的建设模式,需要解决的问题和实施思路。实践证明,建设工程服务中心能有效解决设备利用率问题,更好地培养大规模勇于投身实践的创新人才,为高校创新人才培养模式开辟新途径。     

问题式教学法对工科大学生批判性思维倾向影响的实证研究

采用不相等实验组对照组前后测准实验研究,并辅以行为观察数据和质性资料分析,探究在"基本电路理论"课程教学中采取问题式教学法促进工科大学生批判性思维倾向的发展。研究表明,问题式教学对工科大学生的批判性思维倾向有显著的促进作用。作者认为,为有效开展问题式教学以促进学生批判性思维发展,应注意:(1)教师需具备良好的批判性思维精神;(2)积极营造良好的思考情境和氛围,鼓励与引导学生发现和解决问题;(3)应根据学生基础设置难易适当的问题,营造问题讨论的安全教学氛围;(4)积极引导讨论小组确定合适的讨论问题和组内讨论规则,充分利用信息技术辅助教学。     

Four pitfalls in normalizing citation indicators: An investigation of ESI’s selection of highly cited papers

InCites Essential Science Indicators is becoming increasingly used to identify top-performing research and evaluate the impact of institutes. Unfortunately, our study shows that ESI indicators, as well as other normalized citation indicators, have the following flaws. First, the publication month and the online-to-print delay affect a paper’s probability of becoming a Highly Cited Paper (HCP). Papers published in the earlier months of the year are more likely to accumulate enough citation counts to rank at the top 1% compared with those published in later months of the year. Papers with longer online-to-print delays have an apparent advantage for being selected as HCPs. Research field normalizations lead to the third pitfall. Different research fields have different citation thresholds for HCPs, making research field classification important for a journal. In addition, the uniform thresholds for both articles and reviews in ESI affect the reliability of HCP selection because, on average, reviews tend to have higher citation rates than articles. ESI’s selection of HCPs provides an intuitive feel for the problems of normalized citation impact indicators, such as those provided in InCites and SciVal.     

Simultaneous changes in seed size,oil content and protein content driven by selection of SWEET homologues during soybean domestication

Soybean accounts for more than half of the global production of oilseed and more than a quarter of the protein used globally for human food and animal feed. Soybean domestication involved parallel increases in seed size and oil content, and a concomitant decrease in protein content. However, science has not yet discovered whether these effects were due to selective pressure on a single gene or multiple genes. Here, re-sequencing data from >800 genotypes revealed a strong selection during soybean domestication on GmSWEET10a. The selection of GmSWEET10a conferred simultaneous increases in soybean-seed size and oil content as well as a reduction in the protein content. The result was validated using both near-isogenic lines carrying substitution of haplotype chromosomal segments and transgenic soybeans. Moreover, GmSWEET10b was found to be functionally redundant with its homologue GmSWEET10a and to be undergoing selection in current breeding, leading the the elite allele GmSWEET10b, a potential target for present-day soybean breeding. Both GmSWEET10a and GmSWEET10b were shown to transport sucrose and hexose, contributing to sugar allocation from seed coat to embryo, which consequently determines oil and protein contents and seed size in soybean. We conclude that past selection of optimal GmSWEET10a alleles drove the initial domestication of multiple soybean-seed traits and that targeted selection of the elite allele GmSWEET10b may further improve the yield and seed quality of modern soybean cultivars.     

淡泊与神性——谈当下中国书法界的浮躁心理

当下中国书法界,名利欲望的极度膨胀,致使许多人产生浮躁心理,书法媚俗。宜淡泊、克己、去杂欲,对神性敬畏与谦卑,神人以和,克服浮躁心理,提倡淡泊拒绝媚俗。     

基于知识基础上的迁移研究新进展

通过对基于知识基础上的迁移理 论和迁移研究的最新进展的阐述，着重介绍了知识对迁移的作用和影响。最后对迁移研究的方法进行评述，对未来迁移研究的趋势进行了展望。     

Realism Matters: The Role of Perceived Realism in The Biggest Loser

This study investigated implications of viewing The Biggest Loser, NBC’s popular reality television show. Using online survey data collected from 613 participants, results suggest that exposure to the program is positively associated with perceived realism of the program, which in turn is positively associated with developing internal weight locus of control. Meanwhile, internal weight locus of control is positively associated with audience members’ exercise behavior, meaning the higher level of internal weight locus of control the audience members develop, the more likely they are to engage in physical exercise. This study offers evidence that health-related reality television might be a useful tool to influence audience members’ cognitions on health issues, which could potentially lead to healthy lifestyles.     

运用物理知识,解决实际问题

物理源于生活,用于生活,日常生活中的方方面面都与物理有着千丝万缕的联系。只要我们开动脑筋,勤于思考,善于分析,应用物理知识,便可解决生活中的许多问题。例如:问题一:如何辨别生熟蛋不小心把一只生蛋和一只熟蛋放在一起了,在不敲破蛋壳的条件下用何种简单的方法把它们分辨出来呢?我们只需把这两只蛋放在相对平滑的桌面上,用两只手指对它们施加大致相等的力,使其旋转,转得快且持续时间较长的则是熟蛋,而另一只转得慢且很快就停下来的则是生蛋。生蛋与熟蛋的蛋内物质一个是液态一个是固态。当用力转动蛋时,蛋壳因受力而被迫转动,但生蛋内液…     

核心素养在高职称量实训教学设计中的体现

在教学设计中,核心素养是三维课程目标的继承与发展,是教学适应社会发展的理论指导。社会生活对于学生的发展提出新的要求,这种要求在职业教育阶段更为突出。在食品、药品生产与经营相关专业的职业教育中,做出精准快速的称量操作,是学生应该掌握的基础技能和职业素质。这项实训课程应不断创新教学设计,体现核心素养。     

施工企业应收账款管理问题探索

施工企业应收账款的管理,直接影响到企业资金周转的快慢,管理不善会使企业流动资金短缺,严重影响企业生产的正常进行,使其财务状况恶化。针对这一问题,文章从应收账款对施工企业的影响入手,对施工企业应收账款的现状及其形成原因进行了分析,并根据施工企业应收账款管理中存在的问题提出了防范措施。