Boosting multi-label hierarchical text categorization

Hierarchical Text Categorization (HTC) is the task of generating (usually by means of supervised learning algorithms) text classifiers that operate on hierarchically structured classification schemes. Notwithstanding the fact that most large-sized classification schemes for text have a hierarchical structure, so far the attention of text classification researchers has mostly focused on algorithms for “flat” classification, i.e. algorithms that operate on non-hierarchical classification schemes. These algorithms, once applied to a hierarchical classification problem, are not capable of taking advantage of the information inherent in the class hierarchy, and may thus be suboptimal, in terms of efficiency and/or effectiveness. In this paper we propose TreeBoost.MH, a multi-label HTC algorithm consisting of a hierarchical variant of AdaBoost.MH, a very well-known member of the family of “boosting” learning algorithms. TreeBoost.MH embodies several intuitions that had arisen before within HTC: e.g. the intuitions that both feature selection and the selection of negative training examples should be performed “locally”, i.e. by paying attention to the topology of the classification scheme. It also embodies the novel intuition that the weight distribution that boosting algorithms update at every boosting round should likewise be updated “locally”. All these intuitions are embodied within TreeBoost.MH in an elegant and simple way, i.e. by defining TreeBoost.MH as a recursive algorithm that uses AdaBoost.MH as its base step, and that recurs over the tree structure. We present the results of experimenting TreeBoost.MH on three HTC benchmarks, and discuss analytically its computational cost.

Putting the U in carbon capture and storage: rhetorical boundary negotiation within the CCS/CCUS scientific community

This paper examines responses to a framing shift from carbon capture and storage (CCS) to carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) within science and engineering professionals’ communication. We argue that the framing shift is a breach in the rhetorical boundaries of the CCS professional community that calls forth negotiation through responses that proactively support, resist, or acquiesce. This study offers a heuristic for examining scientific framing in expert-to-expert internal scientific rhetoric. It also contributes to contemporary research on the intersection of rhetoric of science and science, technology, and society; the social dimensions of CCS; energy communication; and applied communicative practices in scientific communities.     

Supportive Communication and the Adequate Paraphrase

The active listening paradigm recommends that helpers paraphrase the thoughts and feelings of support seekers. But how? This study compared evaluations of four types of paraphrase messages derived from the work of Polanyi. Results showed that certain forms of paraphrasing are evaluated as more helpful, sensitive, and supportive than others, though differences were not in full alignment with theoretical predictions, and results were dependent on narrative prompt. Our study provides initial empirical data that question the practical advice given to informal help providers found in our academic scholarship and textbooks. Formal and informal helping relationships have many similarities and differences that should be acknowledged and tested with a variety of methods and populations.     

Partnering with the Public Library for Health Care Education: An Evaluation of Affordable Care Act Messages

Despite implementation of most of the provisions of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) by 2014, the public still has questions about the health care law. To assess the potential of using the library as a hub for ACA education, we tested existing and new culturally relevant messages about the health care law with twenty-seven community members. Participants discussed the message prototypes, including the visual components and promotional content, and provided advice to modify content and design to best reach target audiences. Future research can follow this example to engage libraries and community members in developing and evaluating culturally relevant health messages.     

First-Person Engaging Narration in the Picture Book: Verbal and Pictorial Variations

This article explores what effects pictures have on the concepts of immediate-engaging, distant-engaging, and distancing first-person narration. The basic premise is that a pictorialized (as opposed to an illustrated) narrative involves different dynamics of engagement than a purely verbal narrative. The effects of these dynamics are explored in Louise Fitzhugh's I Am Five, Kay Thompson's and Hilary Knight's Eloise, Jeannie Baker's Where the Forest Meets the Sea, Michael Bedard's and Les Tait's The Clay Ladies, and in Ellen Raskin's Nothing Ever Happens on My Block. In all of these books the verbal narrative is immediate-engaging, but the pictures vary. Some are third-person limited, which allows for various forms of irony; others are third-person objective, which largely eliminates irony and a broader perspective of what is going on; while others are interspersed with moments that are, or come close to being, first-person viewpoints and therefore draw the reader in more actively.     

Evaluating Measures of Optimism and Sport Confidence

The psychometric properties of the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), the Sport Confidence Inventory (SCI), and the Carolina SCI (CSCI) were examined in a study involving 260 athletes. The study aimed to test the dimensional structure, convergent and divergent validity, and invariance over competition level of scores generated by these instruments. Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) supported the measurement models for the SCI and CSCI but favoured a two-dimensional model for the LOT-R. ESEM analyses of the total pool of 33 items indicated satisfactory divergent validity among these optimism and sport confidence measures with the only overlap occurring between the LOT-R and CSCI measures of optimism. The SCI discriminated among athletes participating at different competitive levels and emerged as the most suitable instrument for measuring individual differences in sport confidence. The CSCI emerged as a better measure of optimism in a sporting context than the more general LOT-R.     

Taking a Long Look at Art: Reflections on the Production and Consumption of Art in Art Therapy and Allied Organisational Settings

This article draws on experiences of looking at art to consider the influence of social context on the production and consumption of art. I draw on art historical discourses and relate these to looking at art in art therapy and related organisational settings. I suggest that professional socialisation profoundly influences how practitioners look and think about what they see. I propose that attention to tacit knowledge about art, extending practices of looking to include contemporary discourse about audiencing, curating and display, and taking time for a long look at art and at the art made in art therapy and allied settings, can enliven and sustain practitioners' ‘ways of seeing’.