Polymorphisms in the genes for coagulation factor II,V,VII in patients undergoing coronary angiography

INTRODUCTIONCoronaryarterydisease (CAD)continuestobethemajorcauseofmorbidityandmortalityinourcountry .TheactivityofbloodcoagulationfactorshasbeenshowntobeanimportantriskindicatorforCAD .However,circulatinglevelsofcoagulationfactorsmaynotaccuratelyreflectt…     

Cognitive Load Theory and Complex Learning: Recent Developments and Future Directions

Traditionally, Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) has focused on instructional methods to decrease extraneous cognitive load so that available cognitive resources can be fully devoted to learning. This article strengthens the cognitive base of CLT by linking cognitive processes to the processes used by biological evolution. The article discusses recent developments in CLT related to the current view in instructional design that real-life tasks should be the driving force for complex learning. First, the complexity, or intrinsic cognitive load, of such tasks is often high so that new methods are needed to manage cognitive load. Second, complex learning is a lengthy process requiring learners motivational states and levels of expertise development to be taken into account. Third, this perspective requires more advanced methods to measure expertise and cognitive load so that instruction can be flexibly adapted to individual learners needs. Experimental studies are reviewed to illustrate these recent developments. Guidelines for future research are provided.     

Japanese Laws and Policies Concerning Persons with Disabilities: To Develop a Normalized Society through Recreation

In the 1960s, since the Tokyo Paralympics and the National Sports Games for the Disabled were held, public awareness was heightened towards the issue of disability. In 1970, a law which was to ensure that persons with disabilities could participate in recreational, sports and cultural activities was passed. The Japanese government has implemented and enacted various policy measures and laws regarding the disability issue. According to the government, the quality of life of persons with disabilities should be improved, and society should be integrated according to the principle of normalization. Based on this concept, inclusive recreational programs have been introduced. However, it seems that only competitive segregated sports activities have been highlighted: appreciation of the principle of normalization is important, but the principle has been misunderstood. To develop a successfully socially integrated society, a specific plan with numerical targets adopting the principle of normalization is crucial.     

Adaptive terminal sliding mode control for high-order nonlinear dynamic systems

An adaptive terminal sliding mode control (SMC) technique is proposed to deal with the tracking problem for a class of high-order nonlinear dynamic systems. It is shown that a function augmented sliding hyperplane can be used to develop a new terminal sliding mode for high-order nonlinear systems. A terminal SMC controller based on Lyapunov theory is designed to force the state variables of the closed-loop system to reach and remain on the terminal sliding mode, so that the output tracking error then converges to zero in finite time which can be set arbitrarily. An adaptive mechanism is introduced to estimate the unknown parameters of the upper bounds of system uncertainties. The estimates are then used as controller parameters so that the effects of uncertain dynamics can be eliminated. It is also shown that the stability of the closed-loop system can be guaranteed with the proposed control strategy. The simulation of a numerical example is provided to show the effectiveness of the new method. Project supported by the National Outstanding Youth Science Foundation of China (NSFC:69725005) and the Zhejiang, Provincial Natural Science Key Foundation of China (ZD9905)     

试论"虚实相生"的艺术创作原则

本文通过对"虚实之论"的历史性回顾,揭示"虚"与"实"辩证统一的关系,指出艺术创作应虚实结合,不可偏废,而在中国传统的审美范畴中,犹应以虚为主,从而营造出一种"言有尽而意无穷"的艺术氛围.     

Tea saponins affect in vitro fermentation and methanogenesis in faunated and defaunated rumen fluid

INTRODUCTION Livestock is one of the largest sources of meth-ane emission with 80~115 million tons produced peryear, equivalent to 15%~20% of total anthropogenicmethane (IPCC, 2001). The global cattle population isresponsible for 73% of methane emissions of alllivestock, and methane produced during ruminalfermentation represents a loss of 2%~15% of grossenergy intake and may contribute to global warming(Johnson and Johnson, 1995). Many researches hadbeen carried out to find ways to low…     

Imitative learning in Japanese quail (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Coturnix japonica</Emphasis>) using the bidirectional control procedure

In the bidirectional control procedure, observers are exposed to a conspecific demonstrator responding to a manipulandum in one of two directions (e.g., left vs. right). This procedure controls for socially mediated effects (the mere presence of a conspecific) and stimulus enhancement (attention drawn to a manipulandum by its movement), and it has the added advantage of being symmetrical (the two different responses are similar in topography). Imitative learning is demonstrated when the observers make the response in the direction that they observed it being made. Recently, however, it has been suggested that when such evidence is found with a predominantly olfactory animal, such as the rat, it may result artifactually from odor cues left on one side of the manipulandum by the demonstrator. In the present experiment, we found that Japanese quail, for which odor cues are not likely to play a role, also showed significant correspondence between the direction in which the demonstrator and the observer push a screen to gain access to reward. Furthermore, control quail that observed the screen move, when the movement of the screen was not produced by the demonstrator, did not show similar correspondence between the direction of screen movement observed and that performed by the observer. Thus, with the appropriate control, the bidirectional procedure appears to be useful for studying imitation in avian species.     

Comparing Knowledge Bases and Reasoning Structures in Discussions of Mathematics and Pedagogy

While teaching, teachers need to access both their knowledge of mathematics and knowledge of pedagogy. Practice-based materials afford teachers opportunities to reason about both mathematics and pedagogy within the context of teaching. Accepted systems exist for explaining and reasoning in the domain of mathematics; logic, procedures, and representations all serve as instances of mathematics that bear common meaning in the domain. In contrast, there is not an accepted well-structured system for reasoning within the domain of pedagogy; rather, it is an inherently interpretive act. This paper explores differences in knowledge bases and reasoning by examining discourse about mathematics and pedagogy in a practice-based teacher education course. Mathematics conversations featured greater depth of conversation, more challenges, and more echoes of previous claims. Pedagogical conversations were denser and featured more qualified statements and more evidence from personal values or opinions. Implications for the design of teacher education and professional development experiences are presented.     

Comparison of low-molecular-weight-heparin and unfractionated heparin for acute PTE

INTRODUCTION Acute pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE)is serious pulmonary vascular disease with high mortality.The challenge is to make a correct diagnosiand give appropriate treatment(Nicolaides et al.2001).Effective treatment will decrease morbidityand mortality.This study compares the efficacy,adverse effects and costs of low-molecular-weightheparin(LMWH)and unfractionated heparin(UH).MATERIALS AND METHODS Materialss a or-sis al.,ity ad-ht-).All patients diagnosed as non-massiv…     

外墙外保温技术在某高层住宅楼施工中的应用

随着国家节能政策的深入贯彻及人们对室内环境舒适度要求的不断提高，采取有效的节能措施已被提上日程。外墙外保温已成为目前大力倡导的一种建筑隔热方法。该系统采用可靠的连接方式，将外保温层和基层牢固地连接在一起，具有消除冷桥、防水性能好、保护结构、增加室内面积、稳定内部环境及降低供热费用等优点。