Celebrating the Past,Creating the Future: 50 Years of Community College Research

The Council for the Study of Community Colleges (CSCC) celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2008. This article summarizes the establishment of the Council and sets it in the context of the development of the community college movement. Highlights of research conducted by CSCC members to address contemporary issues facing community colleges are described. A summary of insights offered by members during a 2008 plenary session, research presented at the 50th annual conference, and key community college leaders are described in the context of the historical evolution of community college research and future directions.     

An explanation of reading comprehension across development using models from Cattell–Horn–Carroll theory: Support for integrative models of reading

The purpose of this research was to investigate the cognitive abilities that explain reading comprehension across childhood and early adulthood. Drawing from the standardization sample of the Woodcock–Johnson III, analyses were conducted with large samples at age levels spanning early childhood to early adulthood: 5 to 6 (n = 639), 7 to 8 (n = 720), 9 to 13 (n = 1,995), 14 to 19 (n = 1,615), and 20 to 39 (n = 1,409). Using a model including factors representing general intelligence, Cattell–Horn–Carroll broad abilities, and reading decoding skills, results revealed significant direct effects for reading decoding skills and Crystallized Intelligence on reading comprehension across all age levels. Memory‐related abilities, processing speed, and auditory processing demonstrated indirect effects on reading comprehension through reading decoding skills. The magnitude of direct and indirect effects varied as a function of age. The results provide support for integrative models of reading that include both direct and indirect effects of cognitive abilities on reading comprehension and for consideration of developmental differences in the cognitive aptitudes predicting reading comprehension. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Criticism vs. censure

DRAMATIC SOUNDINGS: EVALUATIONS AND RETRACTIONS CULLED FROM 30 YEARS OF DRAMATIC CRITICISM. By John Gassner. Introduction and editing by Glenn Loney. New York: Crown Publishers, 1968; pp. xx+716. $7.50.

BEN JONSON'S ‘DOTAGES’: A RECONSIDERATION OF THE LATE PLAYS. By Larry S. Champion. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1967; pp. viii+156. $6.50.

LOPE DE VEGA. By Francis C. Hayes. (Twayne's World Authors Series, no. 28.) New York: Twayne Publishers, 1967; pp. 160. $4.50.

THE FORMAL FRENCH. By W. L. Wiley. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1967; pp. xii+317. $6.75.

THE BAROQUE THEATRE: A CULTURAL HISTORY OF THE 17th AND 18th CENTURIES. By Margarete Baur‐Heinhold. Photographs by Helga Schmidt‐Glassner. Translated by Mary Whittall. New York: McGraw‐Hill, 1967; pp. 292. $32.00.

THEATER DES BAROCK: KULTURGESCHICHTE IN EINZELDARSTELLUNGEN. By Margarete Baur‐Heinhold. München: Verlag Georg D. W. Callwey, 1966; pp. 296. DM 88,00.

RUSSIAN COMEDY, 1765–1823. By David J. Welsh. (Slavistic Printings and Reprintings, LXV.) New York: Humanities Press, 1966; pp. 133. $6.50.

THE RISE AND FALL OF THE WELL‐MADE PLAY. By John Russell Taylor. New York: Hill and Wang, 1967; pp. 175. $5.75.

IONESCO AND GENET: PLAYWRIGHTS OF SILENCE. By Josephine Jacobsen and William R. Mueller. New York: Hill and Wang, 1968; pp. xii+242. $5.95; paper $1.95.

THE PLAYWRIGHTS SPEAK. Edited by Walter Wager. Introduction by Harold Clurman. New York: Delacorte Press, 1967; pp. xxx+290. $6.00.

OCCUPATIONAL COSTUME IN ENGLAND FROM THE 11th CENTURY TO 1914. By Phillis Cunnington and Catherine Lucas, with chapters by Alan Mansfield. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1967; pp. 427. $10.00.

THE PRIMAL CURSE: THE MYTH OF CAIN AND ABEL IN THE THEATRE. By Honor Matthews. New York: Schocken Books, 1967; pp. 221. $5.95.

THE POETIC TRADITION: ESSAYS ON GREEK, LATIN, AND ENGLISH POETRY. Edited by Don Cameron Allen and Henry T. Rowell. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1968; pp. ix+142. $5.95.

LATIN POETRY: THE AGE OF RHETORIC AND SATIRE. By Clarence W. Mendell. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books, 1967; pp. viii+223. $6.000.

THE FICTIONS OF SATIRE. By Ronald Paulson. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1967; pp. viii+228. $7.00.

CONCEPTIONS OF REALITY IN MODERN AMERICAN POETRY. By L. S. Dembo. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966; pp. ix+248. $6.00.

WHY LITERARY CRITICISM IS NOT AN EXACT SCIENCE. By Harry Levin. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1967; pp. 27. Paper $1.00.

DEMOSTHENES’ ON THE CROWN: A CRITICAL CASE STUDY OF A MASTERPIECE OF ANCIENT ORATORY. Edited by James J. Murphy with a new translation by John J. Keaney. (Studies in Speech, No. 7.) New York: Random House, 1967; pp. ix+208. Paper $2.25.

THE RHETORIC OF PASCAL: A STUDY OF HIS ART OF PERSUASION IN THE ‘PROVINCIALES’ AND THE ‘PENSÉES.’ By Patricia Topliss. New York: Humanities Press, 1966; pp. 342. $8.50.

A CRITIQUE OF THE NEW COMMONPLACES. By Jacques Ellul. Translated by Helen Weaver. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1968; pp. vii+306. $6.95.

TRADITION AND DISSENT: A RHETORIC‐READER. By Florence Bonzer Greenberg and Anne P. Heffley. Indianapolis: Bobbs‐Merrill, 1967; pp. xviii+426. Paper $3.95.

THE CORRESPONDENCE OF EDMUND BURKE: VOLUME VI, JULY 1789‐DECEMBER 1791. Edited by Alfred Cobban and Robert A. Smith. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1967; pp. xxvi+495. $13.50.

GEORGE WASHINGTON IN THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 1775–1783. By James Thomas Flexner. Boston: Little, Brown, 1968; pp. xvii+599. $10.00

THE DIARY OF JAMES A. GARFIELD. Vols. I and II, 1848–1874. Edited by Harry James Brown and Frederick D. Williams. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1967; pp. lxx+496 and 450. $30.00.

WASHINGTON GLADDEN: PROPHET OF THE SOCIAL GOSPEL. By Jacob Henry Dorn. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1968; pp. x+489. $8.00.

FDR: ARCHITECT OF AN ERA. By Rexford G. Tugwell. New York: Macmillan, 1967; pp. xviii+270. $4.95.

CRISIS IN CREDIBILITY. By Bruce Ladd. New York: New American Library, 1968; pp. vi+247. $5.50.

ANYTHING BUT THE TRUTH: THE CREDIBILITY GAP—HOW THE NEWS IS MANAGED IN WASHINGTON. By William McGaffin and Erwin Knoll. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1968; pp. 250. $7.95.

THE GREAT SOCIETY READER: THE FAILURE OF AMERICAN LIBERALISM. Edited by Marvin Gettleman and David Mermelstein. New York: Random House, 1967; pp. xiv+551. $8.95; paper $2.45.

THE SPEECHES OF MALCOLM X AT HARVARD. Edited with an introduction by Archie Epps. New York: William Morrow, 1968; pp. 191. $4.95.

SOUNDS OF THE STRUGGLE: PERSONS AND PERSPECTIVES IN CIVIL RIGHTS. By C. Eric Lincoln. New York: William Morrow, 1967; pp. 252. $5.00.

THE COMPUTER AND INVASION OF PRIVACY. U. S. House of Representatives, Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, 89th Congress, Second Session, 1966. New York: Arno Press, 1967; pp. iv+311. $4.95.

THE PRESENCE OF THE WORD: SOME PROLEGOMENA FOR CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS HISTORY. By Walter J. Ong, S.J. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1967; pp. xiv+360. $6.95.

RADIO PROGRAMMING IN ACTION: REALITIES AND OPPORTUNITIES. Edited by Sherril W. Taylor. New York: Hastings House, 1967; pp. 183. $6.50.

RADIO BROADCASTING: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SOUND MEDIUM. Edited by Robert L. Hilliard. New York: Hastings House, 1967; pp. 190. $6.95; paper $4.40.

VERBAL BEHAVIOR AND GENERAL BEHAVIOR THEORY. Edited by David L. Horton and Theodore R. Dixon. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice‐Hall, 1968; pp. ix+396. $9.95.

EXPERIMENTS IN PERSUASION. Edited by Ralph L. Rosnow and Edward J. Robinson. New York: Academic Press, 1967; pp. xix+519. $8.95.

THE LONDON SCHOOL OF LINGUISTICS: A STUDY OF THE LINGUISTIC THEORIES OF B. MALINOWSKI AND J. R. FIRTH. By D. Terence Langendoen. (Research Monograph, No. 46.) Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1968; pp. xii+123. $5.95.

THE MODIFICATION OF STUTTERING. By Eugene J. Brutten and Donald J. Shoemaker. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice‐Hall, 1967; pp. xii+148. $5.50.

PRE‐GLOTTALIZATION IN ENGLISH STANDARD PRONUNCIATION. By Bjørn Stâlhane Andrésen. (Norwegian Studies in English, No. 13.) New York: Humanities Press, 1968; pp. 187. $6.75.

FORMS OF ENGLISH: ACCENT, MORPHEME, ORDER. By Dwight L. Bolinger. Edited by Isamu Abe and Tetsuya Kanekiyo. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1965: pp. ix+334. $7.95.     

Pressing Issues in College Counseling: A Survey of American College Counseling Association Members

The authors conducted a survey of members of the American College Counseling Association to ascertain the experiences and opinions of college counselors on several pressing issues within the college counseling profession. Survey results from 133 respondents indicated that counseling centers may benefit from increasing the number of group counseling interventions by increasing the multicultural competence of services provided, by implementing crisis/disaster mental health initiatives, and by more effectively consulting with other professionals on campus.     

Pandemic,a catalyst for change: Strategic planning for digital education in English secondary schools,before during and post Covid

Following lockdowns in 2020 owing to Covid-19, schools needed to find a way to ensure the education of their pupils. In order to do this, they engaged in digital learning, to varying extents. Innovations emanated from all school staff including, for example, teachers, leaders and teaching assistants. Some were already innovating in this area and brought forward and implemented digital strategies, while others engaged with digital learning for the first time. While research is emerging about the effects of the pandemic restrictions on pupils and staff in relation to key issues such as mental health and educational attainment, very little is known about the impact on school leaders' strategic planning processes. To address this gap, this paper draws on a UK Research and Innovation funded study adopting a strategy as learning approach to report on 50 qualitative interviews with school leaders to examine digital strategy in English secondary schools, before, during and after July 2021, when restrictions were lifted in England. It draws on strategy as learning literature to evaluate if schools have changed their strategic planning for digital learning, as a direct response to having learned and innovated during the pandemic. The paper concludes that there is evidence that digital innovations during the pandemic have changed the ways in which leaders think about their digital strategy, thus supporting a strategy as learning approach. However it also concludes that although there is ample evidence that the pandemic has changed the way many schools view digital learning, for some schools, there remain persistent barriers to digital integration and planning. These emanate both from material and cultural considerations, as well as leader vision and belief in digital learning.     

MEMORY RECALL AND PARTICIPATION LEVELS IN THE ELDERLY: A STUDY OF GOLDEN AGE RADIO

Institutionalized elderly people often appear to live in the past, or in their long‐term memories. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of playing tapes of Golden Age radio shows, both musical and comedy, on the residents of a nursing home. In particular, the researchers were interested in memory recall, reactions to the memories, and the effects of this activity on involvement in planned nursing home activities. Trivia questions about the same time period were also utilized to determine if discussion of significant historical events in older persons’ lifetimes might be triggers for increased participation and socialization. The study was conducted in a 30‐bed nursing center located 20 miles west of a large midwestern metropolitan area. The participants included 12 women with a mean age of 90 years and of varying levels of cognitive functioning. The Golden Age radio programs were played on a tape recorder for a length of time not exceeding 20 minutes. Trivia questions were verbally posed by the researchers to the study group. Reactions to the Golden Age musical programs indicated that this type of music may evoke memories and encourage reminiscence in the lives of the elderly. The use of trivia is also recommended as a means of stimulating recall of historical and life events. The comedy programs evoked little response in this study, and the researchers feel that additional study in this area could be valuable.