The nature of naive explanations of natural selection

Unlike some pivotal ideas in the history of science, the basic notion of natural selection is remarkably simple and so one might expect most students to easily grasp the basic principles of the Darwinian theory; yet many students nevertheless have difficulty understanding Darwinian evolution. We suggest that misconceptions about natural selection arise from mistaken categorization. Our thesis for explaining students’ failure to understand this concept or evolution in general is not that they necessarily fail to understand individual Darwinian principles; rather, they often fail to understand the ontological features of equilibration processes, of which evolution is one instance. They thus attribute the evolutionary process in general, and natural selection in particular, with event‐like properties. For example, naive students appear to focus on the idea of survival of the fittest, but embed this idea within an event ontology that involves actors struggling to overcome obstacles and achieve goals. Results showed that most naive subjects’ evolutionary explanations reflected an event ontology. Furthermore, event ontology attributes were positively correlated with non‐Darwinian explanations; by contrast, equilibration attributes, when present, were positively correlated with key Darwinian principles. These findings suggest that students would greatly benefit from science instruction that emphasized the underlying ontology of modern evolutionary theory.     

广东省沿海欠发达城市群众体育行政部门发展现状调查

以广东省沿海欠发达城市中的5个地级市的3个层次的政府群众体育行政部门为研究对象,运用实名面访问卷调查、文献资料调研、现场访谈、观察和数理统计等研究方法,对基层群众体育管理机构、管理人员专业结构、国民体质监测、信息交流、组织化程度和群体行政部门之间业务联系的非协调发展现状等进行了调查与研究,并提出相应对策。     

1998-2006年读者权利研究综述

论文在量化分析的基础上，描述了近十年来读者权利研究的总体进程，总结和评价了该领域的研究内容、焦点和成就。     

析一道热学题的几种解法

前不久,在我校高三年级举行的一次物理测验中,有这样一道题:一摩尔油滴的体积为V,在水面形成单分子油膜的面积为S.将分子看做球形,则阿伏加德罗常数NA=＿＿     

Studying parental involvement and university access and choice: An ‘interacting multiple capitals’ model

Capital‐embedded parental involvement in education is essential in enhancing university enrolment and maximising the educational potentials for equality and excellence. Previous studies in this field have mainly utilised Perna's ( 2000 , 2006 ) model, which defines parental involvement as social capital and identifies the additive influences of different types of capital (including social, economic and cultural capital) on university access and choice. Yet, little research to date theorises and disaggregates the interplay among various types of capital as well as the multiplicative capital effects on enrolment. This study addressed this gap. We proposed an ‘interacting multiple capitals’ (IMC) model and hypothesised that parental social capital could moderate the effects of cultural and economic capital on entry to university. To validate the model, a pilot survey was administered to 216 university students of Korean ethnicity in China and investigated the models of involvement adopted by Korean parents in the context of the increasing labour mobility of the Korean adult population. Moderated multiple regression analysis was employed and the results confirmed the hypothesis that capital effects upon university access and choice were multiplicative in nature, with social capital moderating the cultural capital influence on students’ educational aspirations. The study findings show that the interaction of various types of capital variables is sufficiently statistically significant to warrant future research and policy and practical discussion of how to promote parental involvement in university preparation and planning.     

关于我国外汇市场主要汇率的协整分析

自1973年布雷顿森林体系崩溃以来，世界外汇市场的汇率就表现出巨幅而且频繁波动的特征。由于外汇市场风险极大，因而要捕捉到汇率运动的规律就十分困难。目前，几家中国的商业银行推出了个人外汇买卖业务。本文着重对几种汇率之间的协整关系进行实证分析，以期发现它们之间是否存在长期的稳定的关系。其结果将有助于投资者制定决策并且有效地规避风险。     

科技型中小企业技术管理能力的动态演化研究

本文从动态资源观的视角探讨了科技型中小企业(TBSMEs)在资源搜索、资源匹配以及资源整合的过程中,分析了其技术管理能力的结构性内涵及其动态演化过程。选取浙江省298家科技型中小企业为研究对象,采用探索性因子分析与验证性因子分析相结合的研究方法验证了TBSMEs技术管理能力主要分阶段体现为技术识别能力、技术迁移能力和技术加工能力等方面,且技术加工能力对TBSMEs的突破性创新绩效影响最大,技术识别能力和技术迁移能力次之。最后针对TBSMEs技术管理能力提升提出理论建议和决策参考。     

商标许可合同是否备案不应影响被许可方应享有的权利

（2002）32号《最高人民法院关於审理商标民事纠纷案件适用法律若干问题解释》（下称《司法解释》）第19条规定：“商标使用许可合同未经备案的，不影响该许可合同的效力，但当事人另有约定的除外。商标使用许可合同未在商标局备案的，不得对抗善意第三入。”该条第1款的规定不仅具有充足的法律依据，而且易于理解。     

中小企业固定资产投资与决策分析

中小企业作为一支不可忽视的力量在世界经济发展的历史中发挥了巨大的促进作用.同样中小企业在我国经济中也占据着不可忽视的重要地位,然而我国中小企业的发展仍面临着很多难题,尤其是固定资产投资这样关系到中小企业生存的重大问题.本文在分析影响中小企业固定资产投资相关因素的基础上,进一步探讨了中小企业固定资产投资决策相关问题,并提出了中小企业固定资产投资决策的方法措施.     

地方性知识视阈下我国农村公共体育服务供给理念的反思及重构

摘要：主要借助个案,通过文献资料、问卷调查和文本分析等主要研究方法,重点就当前我国农村公共体育服务供给理念特征、科学性与否及其如何优化3个问题,展开了更为充分的探讨和研究。研究结果表明：我国农村公共体育服务供给理念是同质化的,供给过程当中也多带有效率优先、标准取向和非区域视野主要特征;公共体育设施维护与监管、利用率与满意度、民俗体育的发展及传承等方面,农村公共体育服务供给理念科学性尚需进一步完善。。有鉴于此,在结合地方性知识理论启示意义基础上,就我国农村公共体育服务供给理念的优化路径提出：立足视点转换,凸显老百姓主体地位;依“智”而行,分层递进,努力提升我国农村公共体育服务供给中的适切性、实效性和专业化发展水平;以及重地域情境,加强“普适性知识”的适应性改造,以切实保证农村公共体育服务供给中相关政策的制定和执行真正能够起到规范和激励效果等重要意见和建议。旨在为我国农村公共体育服务的有效供给,提供重要的启示和借鉴意义。