全日制教育硕士专业学位研究生实践教学问题及对策研究

基于相关调研,指出全日制教育硕士专业学位研究生实践教学中存在着缺乏明确和系统的实践教学规划、普遍缺乏对实践教学的精心组织和全程指导、实践教学基地建设严重滞后、缺乏一支专业化的实践教学指导教师队伍等问题,从内外两个方面分析了造成上述问题的主要原因,据此提出提高认识、周密规划、精心组织、加大投入等解决问题的对策建议.     

高等学校仪器设备类固定资产实盘工作探析

为进一步加强对仪器设备类固定资产管理,盘点学校仪器设备类资产的存量、分布、结构状况,真实、客观、完整地反映学校仪器设备的状况,中国人民大学进行了仪器设备类固定资产实盘工作。该文对实盘工作的主要环节和基本方法进行了归纳,对实盘工作中发现的问题进行了阐述和分析,并对加强仪器设备资产管理进行了探索和研究。     

Regulatory mechanism of self-determination involvement in higher education: assessing Chinese students’ experiences

Investment in higher education facilities in terms of both hardware and software has witnessed significant growth on a yearly basis since the reintroduction of the college entrance examination known as the NMT in 1977. However, a social assessment of graduates’ qualities seems to indicate that the improvement in skill levels and graduates’ general qualities has failed to keep pace with the growth in investment. As a bridge to relate college environment to student gains in learning, student self-determined involvement in educational activities plays an important role in analyzing the educational effects of colleges. Based on a conducted through the survey of Chinese College Student Experience Questionnaire, with data collected from 647 valid respondents, universities can observe and evaluate the levels and quality of students’ involvement in the educational process. The students’ involvement of educational activities can be investigated through data analysis, employing statistical methods of a structural equation model. In observing student involvement in the educational system, it becomes apparent that the students’ capacity for building on and playing a key role in the improvement of the quality of education they receive is largely controlled by their involvement activities in the learning process. In addition, both of the college environment and student motivation have a combined and significant effect on student involvement behaviors. Student involvement can be divided into three gradual but distinct levels (controlled, identified and integrated involvement) in accordance with the varying degrees of internalization. Student involvement will exponentially magnify the positive effects on student gains when colleges invest in new and additional resources, particularly when students become more deeply involved in the educational environment. In addition, when colleges make a concentrated effort to recognize the importance of student involvement, and they encourage and incentivise students to become involved, the college itself will benefit greatly from the improved university environment. This combination of mutually beneficial activity, therefore, represents a virtuous circle of promotion between college and students.     

The ICAP Framework: Linking Cognitive Engagement to Active Learning Outcomes

This article describes the ICAP framework that defines cognitive engagement activities on the basis of students’ overt behaviors and proposes that engagement behaviors can be categorized and differentiated into one of four modes: Interactive, Constructive, Active, and Passive. The ICAP hypothesis predicts that as students become more engaged with the learning materials, from passive to active to constructive to interactive, their learning will increase. We suggest possible knowledge-change processes that support the ICAP hypothesis and address the limitations and caveats of the hypothesis. In addition, empirical validation for the hypothesis is provided by examining laboratory and classroom studies that focus on three specific engagement activities: note taking, concept mapping and self-explaining. We also consider how ICAP can be used as a tool for explaining discrepant findings, dictate the proper choice of a control condition, and evaluate students’ outputs. Finally, we briefly compare ICAP to existing theories of learning.     

有机污染物和碳纳米颗粒：吸附机理及影响因素

研究目的：碳纳米颗粒由于其独特的优良性能被广泛应用,从而不可避免地进入环境。进入环境的碳纳米颗粒与有机污染物有很强的相互作用,并且碳纳米颗粒对有机污染物的吸附可能会影响污染物的环境风险和迁移。因此,本研究总结了目前有机污染物在碳纳米颗粒上吸附的研究进展,为有机污染物及碳纳米颗粒的环境行为研究及风险评价提供重要信息。重要结论：有机污染物和碳纳米颗粒的主要相互作用有憎水性、静电、氢键和π-π作用,这些作用及它们的强度受碳纳米颗粒的表面性质、形态及有机污染物的分子大小、结构和官能团等影响。不同的吸附机理可能同时控制有机物在碳纳米颗粒上的吸附过程,而且在不同的环境条件下吸附控制机理不同。区分吸附控制机理和影响因素的研究对预测有机污染物和碳纳米颗粒的环境行为和风险非常重要。     

以10个城市气候数据为主看中国气候变化

作者采集全国各区域有代表性的10城市气候资料,统计分析得出近27年来中国气候变暖与全球的一致性,以及变化在一些区域明显经度与纬度的地带性,西南存在一个气温不升乃至下降的区域;降水总量趋于减少、微旱。但近两年来气温略下降,降水有增加。大面积区域气温与降水存在负相关。     

项目式教学在《建筑模型制作》课程中的应用

将实践项目引入《建筑模型制作》课程教学,根据项目制作流程及需求,将教学内容设计成六个典型工作阶段,每阶段由教学目标、工作内容、典型工作任务、教学方法、评价标准五部分组成。通过项目式教学与传统教学的对比分析及实践项目的应用效果,阐述项目式教学的意义,为相关课程的教学提供参考。     

论马基雅维利的“自主性”国家

马基雅维利在《李维史论》中的国家观念带有强烈的自主性特征。共和国中立于具体的社会阶层,用体制或法律取代了君主与公民相对立,并且具有攫取社会财富的能力。共和国的公民不必担心生产的财富受到侵犯,这会使得他们混淆产品与战利品的区别,在战后与国争利。由于军民一体的制度,共和国的将领可以通过买好士兵,形成政治派系。为此,马基雅维利提出了＂国富民穷＂的主张,希望能将全部的战利品上缴国库。他认为,一个拥有强大＂自主性＂国家与公民自由之间是不矛盾的。     

基于城市融入性就业的新生代农民工培训机制研究

新生代农民工逐渐成为促进城市建设的有生力量,但其城市融入性就业存在着一定的问题。基于城市融入性就业的新生代农民工培训机制,旨在帮助新生代农民工实现市民化的城市融入;其思路规划需要确定培训机制的基本原则、目标、合作主体,构建基本运行模块,选择培训内容并合理设计内容层次;培训机制的行动建构于政府、企业和教育机构三重主体维度之中。     

The E-volution of Publishing: Challenges and Opportunities in the Digital Age

Youngsuk (Y. S.) Chi, Chairman of Elsevier, offers four “e-approaches” for the publishing industry to evolve and thrive in today’s digital landscape: (1) Enhance publishers’ traditional roles, (2) Expand their role to embrace innovation and networks of information, (3) Experiment with more interactive content and new business models, and (4) Engage with the public to demonstrate the value of publishing.