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81.
Henk G. Schmidt Janke Cohen-Schotanus Henk T. van der Molen Ted A. W. Splinter Jan Bulte Rob Holdrinet Herman J. M. van Rossum 《Higher Education》2010,60(3):287-300
In this article, an alternative for Tinto’s integration theory of student persistence is proposed and tested. In the proposed
theory, time available for individual study is considered a major determinant of both study duration and graduation rate of
students in a particular curriculum. In this view, other activities in the curriculum, in particular lectures, constrain self-study
time and therefore must have a negative impact on persistence. To test this theory, we collected study duration and graduation
rate information of all—almost 14,000 students—enrolling in eight Dutch medical schools between 1989 and 1998. In addition,
information was gathered regarding the timetables of each of these curricula in the particular period: lectures hours, hours
spent in small-group tutorials, practicals, and time available for self-study. Structural equation modeling was used to study
relations among these variables. In line with our predictions, time available for self-study was the only determinant of graduation
rate and study duration. Lectures were negatively related to self-study time, negatively related to graduation rate, and positively
related to study duration. The results suggest that extensive lecturing may be detrimental in higher education. However, in
the curricula employing limited lecturing considerable energy was spent in supporting self-study activities of students and
preventing postponement of learning. Given our findings, both activities will likely have large pay offs, in particular in
curricula with low graduation rates. 相似文献
82.
This paper explores the use of Library Catalog Analysis (LCA), defined as the application of bibliometric or informetric techniques to a set of library online catalogs, to describe quantitatively a scientific-scholarly field on the basis of published book titles. It focuses on its value as a tool in studies of Social Sciences and Humanities, especially its cognitive structures, main book publishers and the research performance of its actors. The paper proposes an analogy model between traditional citation analysis of journal articles and Library Catalog Analysis of book titles. It presents the outcomes of an exploratory study of book titles in Economics included in 42 academic library catalogs from 7 countries. It describes the process of data collection and cleaning, and applies a series of indicators and thematic mapping techniques. It illustrates how LCA can be fruitfully used to assess book production and research performance at the level of an individual researcher, a research department, an entire country and a book publisher. It discusses a number of issues that should be addressed in follow-up studies and concludes that LCA of published book titles can be developed into a powerful and useful tool in studies of Social Sciences and Humanities. 相似文献
83.
84.
在以能力为基础的教育(CBE)中,对于某个既定的职业,根据对职业的任务、功能和角色的详细分析,进行专业课程的设计.因此,以能力为基础的教育能够把教育与实际工作联系起来.本文论述了在职业教育中开发以能力为基础的教育体系的主要步骤和应该考虑的问题,强调了学习方法和教学方法的选择、恰当的评估手段和教师角色的转化的重要性.在阐述中,还列举了荷兰在过去20年里关于职业教育中以能力为基础的教育实践方面的例子. 相似文献
85.
The early history of Utrecht University (founded 1636) reflects an emerging public sphere (Habermas’s ‘bürgerliche öffentlichkeit’) of a major town in the Netherlands. This public sphere was a contested field among the different groups establishing and administering the university: university professors, town magistrates and representatives of the newly established Reformed Church and the former dominant Catholic Church. The factionalised magistrates developed a public sphere, while also trying to limit the passionate but destabilising debate concerning the new philosophy of Descartes. They supported the Calvinistic anti-Descartes movement while permitting, and even advocating, the establishment of the new philosophy at the university. They ambivalently protected the academy from the consistory’s control while simultaneously trying to safeguard their own (financial) position. It is concluded that the Habermasian framework has to be fleshed out in local histories, such as this case study of Utrecht University, to demonstrate the ‘messy’ complexities in reality. 相似文献
86.
This paper reviews a number of studies comparing Thomson Scientific’s Web of Science (WoS) and Elsevier’s Scopus. It collates their journal coverage in an important medical subfield: oncology. It is found that all WoS-covered oncological journals (n = 126) are indexed in Scopus, but that Scopus covers many more journals (an additional n = 106). However, the latter group tends to have much lower impact factors than WoS covered journals. Among the top 25% of sources with the highest impact factors in Scopus, 94% is indexed in the WoS, and for the bottom 25% only 6%. In short, in oncology the WoS is a genuine subset of Scopus, and tends to cover the best journals from it in terms of citation impact per paper. Although Scopus covers 90% more oncological journals compared to WoS, the average Scopus-based impact factor for journals indexed by both databases is only 2.6% higher than that based on WoS data. Results reflect fundamental differences in coverage policies: the WoS based on Eugene Garfield’s concepts of covering a selective set of most frequently used (cited) journals; Scopus with broad coverage, more similar to large disciplinary literature databases. The paper also found that ‘classical’, WoS-based impact factors strongly correlate with a new, Scopus-based metric, SCImago Journal Rank (SJR), one of a series of new indicators founded on earlier work by Pinski and Narin [Pinski, G., & Narin F. (1976). Citation influence for journal aggregates of scientific publications: Theory, with application to the literature of physics. Information Processing and Management, 12, 297–312] that weight citations according to the prestige of the citing journal (Spearman’s rho = 0.93). Four lines of future research are proposed. 相似文献
87.
Students’ conceptions of distinct constructivist assumptions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sofie M. M. Loyens Remy M. J. P. Rikers Henk G. Schmidt 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2007,22(2):179-199
The present studies were conducted to investigate students’ conceptions of distinct constructivist assumptions. To that end,
a questionnaire was developed containing statements about four constructivist assumptions: The importance of knowledge construction,
cooperative learning, self-regulation, and the use of authentic problems together with self-perceived inability to learn and
motivation to learn. The studies demonstrate that the questionnaire was able to unearth students’ conceptions of the distinctiveness
of constructivist assumptions. Students were able to identify the six factors underlying the questionnaire, as indicated by
the fit of the hypothesized model. The test for measurement invariance showed that factor loadings were equivalent across
groups and that the questionnaire’s underlying factor structure gave evidence of cross-validation. Testing alternative models
with one and three latent factors resulted in poor model fits, supporting the questionnaire’s latent factor structure. The
questionnaire developed appeared an adequate instrument to investigate students’ conceptions of constructivist assumptions
of learning and students acknowledge the importance of these assumptions as distinct influences on their learning process. 相似文献
88.
Floris M. van Blankenstein Diana H. J. M. Dolmans Cees P. M. van der Vleuten Henk G. Schmidt 《Instructional Science》2011,39(2):189-204
Seventy students participated in an experiment to measure the effects of either providing explanations or listening during
small group discussions on recall of related subject-matter studied after the discussion. They watched a video of a small
group discussing a problem. In the first experimental condition, the video was stopped at various points in time, enabling
the participants to verbally respond to the discussion. In the second condition, they listened to the same discussion, without
contributing. In the control condition, they listened to a discussion that was not related to the subject-matter subsequently
studied. After the discussion, all participants studied a text and answered questions that tested their recall of information
from this text. No immediate differences in recall were found. One month later, participants who had actively engaged in explaining
remembered more from the text. The conclusion appears justified that actively providing explanations during a discussion positively
affects long-term memory. 相似文献
89.
The role of teachers in facilitating situational interest in an active-learning classroom 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The study sought to explore whether interactional teacher characteristics such as social congruence, subject-matter expertise, and cognitive congruence increase situational interest in students. Correlational and path analyses were conducted on a sample of 498 polytechnic students to assess potential differences in situational interest based on these three teacher characteristics and how well these characteristics predicted situational interest. Results revealed that students supported by teachers who scored high on these characteristics reported significantly higher levels of situational interest. Cognitive congruence was the most significant predictor of situational interest. Overall, the findings suggest that teachers play an influential role in increasing students’ situational interest in the active-learning classroom. 相似文献
90.
Chantal E. H. Dirix Jan G. Nijhuis Henk W. Jongsma Gerard Hornstra 《Child development》2009,80(4):1251-1258
Ninety-three pregnant women were recruited to assess fetal learning and memory, based on habituation to repeated vibroacoustic stimulation of fetuses of 30–38 weeks gestational age (GA). Each habituation test was repeated 10 min later to estimate the fetal short-term memory. For Groups 30–36, both measurements were replicated in a second session at 38 weeks GA for the assessment of fetal long-term memory. Within the time frame considered, fetal learning appeared GA independent. Furthermore, fetuses were observed to have a short-term (10-min) memory from at least 30 weeks GA onward, which also appeared independent of fetal age. In addition, results indicated that 34-week-old fetuses are able to store information and retrieve it 4 weeks later. 相似文献